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Biomedical subjects

W C Hutton

Publications and source records attributed to W C Hutton.

152 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Gradual disc prolapse.

Fifty-two cadaveric lumbar motion segments were subjected to fatigue loading in compression and bending to determine if the intervertebral discs could prolapse in a gradual manner. Prior to testing, the nucleus pulposus of each disc was stained with a small quantity of blue dye and radiopaque solution. This enabled the progress of any gradual prolapse to be monitored by direct observation and by discogram. Six discs developed a gradual prolapse during the testing period. The injury starts with the lamellae of the annulus being distorted to form radial fissures and then nuclear pulp is extruded from the disc and leaks into the spinal canal. Discs most commonly affected were from the lower lumbar spine of young cadavers. Tests on ten older discs with pre-existing ruptures showed that such discs are stable and do not leak nuclear pulp.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of glenohumeral capsular ligaments in internal and external rotation of the humerus.

The purpose of this study was to define the relationship between internal and external rotation of the humerus and the lengths of the anterior and posterior components of the glenohumeral capsuloligamentous complex. Six cadaveric shoulders (with intact ligaments and humeri) were stripped of all muscles. Each shoulder was mounted in its correct anatomic position. The extent of internal and external rotation of the humerus was then measured 36 times (at 10 degrees intervals in a 360 degrees humeral cone of motion). One component of the glenohumeral capsuloligamentous complex was lengthened, and the humeral rotation was again measured 36 times. The process of lengthening was done by cutting the ligament and replacing it with a beaded chain and catches sutured across the joint. The process of lengthening each component was repeated in 12 combinations, each with a different anterior and posterior component length. Humeral rotation was measured 36 times using a specially designed goniometer. The length of the anterior component of the glenohumeral capsuloligamentous complex most affected external humeral rotation, and the length of the posterior component most affected internal humeral rotation. However, the lengths of both the anterior and posterior components shared in limiting rotation at a number of positions.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of the acromioclavicular ligaments and the effect of distal clavicle resection.

To determine the role of the acromioclavicular ligaments in controlling scapular rotation about the distal clavicle and the effects of distal clavicle resection, we used 13 fresh shoulders consisting of the clavicle, acromioclavicular ligaments, coracoclavicular ligaments, and scapula. The range of motion was measured using a specially designed goniometer for each of the three orthogonal axes of rotation of the scapula with reference to the clavicle: anterior-posterior axial rotation, protraction-retraction, and abduction-adduction. We did two experiments involving sequential sectioning. Range of motion was measured in the intact shoulder and after each sectioning cut. The order of sectioning in Experiment 1 (six shoulders) was 1) the inferior acromioclavicular ligament, 2) removal of 5 mm of the distal clavicle, and 3) the superior acromioclavicular ligament. In Experiment 2 (seven shoulders) the order was 1) the superior acromioclavicular ligament, 2) removal of 5 mm of the distal clavicle, and 3) the inferior acromioclavicular ligament. The most important results were 1) only 5 mm of the distal clavicle needs to be resected to ensure that no bone-to-bone contact occurs in rotation postoperatively and 2) there was no difference in the end result (for range of motion in any of the three axes) whether the inferior acromioclavicular ligament or the superior acromioclavicular ligament was cut before removal of 5 mm of the distal clavicle.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The tensile strength of the anterior talofibular ligament.

Cadaveric anterior talofibular ligaments, with their associated bone attachments, were tensile tested to destruction. The ligament ruptured by either bone avulsion from the talus or midsubstance failure. The values of tensile strength varied from 58 to 556 newtons with a mean strength of 206 newtons.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Forces under the hallux valgus foot before and after surgery.

Abnormalities in the hallux valgus foot and changes after surgery were investigated by measuring the distribuiion of load on the foot in walking. Hallux valgus was associated with reduced load imposed on the toes, and on the medial side of the forefoot, compared with a large sample of healthy feet. Abnormalities correlated with the degree of the deformity. Both Keller's operation and a wedge displacement osteotomy of the first metatarsal not only failed to restore normal loading but increased the abnormalities of loading seen preoperatively. A large decrease in the angle between first and second metatarsals as a result of surgery minimized this increase. A silastic arthroplasty did not carry high loads when used to treat hallux valgus, but near normal loads were imposed on it when used for hallux rigidus. Considerable variability was found in the loading distribution on the healthy feet. The distribution between first and second metatarsal heads was partially dependent upon their protrusions, relative to the direction of walking. The changes in the relationships between the loadings on the forefoot and skeletal shape in response to surgical operations are important for our understanding of treatment of the hallux valgus foot.

Adolescent↗