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Biomedical subjects

W C Russell

Publications and source records attributed to W C Russell.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Stewart-Treves syndrome. A lethal complication of postmastectomy lymphedema and regional immune deficiency.

Lymphangiosarcoma is a fatal complication of postmastectomy lymphedema. The pathogenesis of lymphangiosarcoma in chronic lymphedema is a combination of two factors. First, the edematous region responds in a manner similar to "immunologically privileged sites." Second, because of its anatomic and physiologic properties, it is a favorable site for the development of mutant cell populations for reasons that are not fully understood. As a result, these mutant cells, with their genetically nonidentical antigens, escape recognition by the host's impaired immune surveillance mechanism. The failure to promote a sufficient immune response allows unrestricted tumor growth to take place, resulting in the ultimate death of the patient. Available therapeutic measures are equally unsatisfactory. Emphasis is placed on periodic examination of the lymphedematous extremity, aggressive treatment of established lymphedema and infections, and surgical preservation of lymphatic channels during breast cancer surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

The effects of ultraviolet and ionizing radiation on herpesviruses, SV40 and adenoviruses in relation to the small-plaque effect.

The small-plaque effect occurs with a wide range of herpesviruses following irradiation with ultraviolet light. The 37 per cent survival (D37) values, or dose required for one lethal hit (e-1), for herpes simplex, pseudorabies and pigeon herpesviruses in different cells indicate a broad spectrum of host-cell repair capacity. Other DNA-containing viruses such as SV40 and adenoviruses, which also replicate in the cell nucleus, show the small-plaque effect. Ionizing irradiation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) showed but little reduction in plaque-size.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1979

Neutralizing antibodies to canine distemper and measles virus in multiple sclerosis.

Serum neutralizing antibody to canine distemper virus (CDV) was measured in 142 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), an equal number of age and sex-matched normal controls, and 75 patients with other neurological disorders. An elevated antibody titer was found in the MS population compared to controls. Measles-neutralizing antibody was also found to be elevated in 128 patients with MS. The mean ratio of measles to CDV antibody was similar in the control and MS groups, but a wide range of measles to CDV ratios was found in individual patients and controls. No significant correlation was found between IgG levels and neutralizing antibody titers in MS sera. While the increased titer of measles and CDV antibody may represent a non-specific immunological response, these findings are also consistent with the hypothesis that CDV or a closely related measles virus may stimulate the increased level of measles and CDV antibodies found in MS sera.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Characterization of two temperature-sensitive mutants of adenovirus type 5.

The properties of two temperature-sensitive mutants ts 18 and ts 19 of adenovirus type 5 were studied. It was demonstrated that they had a defect such that they failed to assemble virus and showed defective processing of infected cell polypeptides at the restrictive temperature. Analysis, after protease digestion, of the virions produced at the permissive temperature by SDS PAGE, and of the substrate availability of the mutants to the virus protein kinase suggested that polypeptide VI was defective in these mutants.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1979

Characterization of adenovirus protein IX.

Protein IX from adenovirus type 2 was purified by two methods, one from groups of nine hexons obtained by disrupting purified virus by heating in the presence of deoxycholate, and the other by a previously published method. The purified protein was used to obtain a monospecific antiserum. Protein IX was found to possess both sub-group- and type-specific antigenic determinants which were apparently accessible within the groups of nine hexons. Approximately 15 molecules of IX were found per group of nine hexons and from considerations of symmetry it seemed possible that IX was located at the 'corner to edge' contacts between hexons in the icosahedron. The protein in infected cells was found to possess approximately neutral charge as determined by immunoelectrophoresis. This was consistent with the amino acid composition, which showed it to be rich in serine, alanine and leucine with approximately half of its glutamic and aspartic acid residues amidified, and the isoelectric point of 6.0, as determined by two dimensional gel analysis. No free N-terminal amino acid was detectable. It is suggested that a unique tryptophan residue is located at around position 70 from the blocked N-terminus, on the basis of chemical cleavage by BNPS-skatole. Based on one tryptophan residue a total of 107 amino acids and a mol. wt. of 11200 was deduced. Analysis of 35S-methionine-labelled infected cell extracts in a two-dimensional gel system showed that the synthesis of polypeptide IX could be detected early in infection, i.e. in the presence of an inhibitor of DNA synthesis.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1977

Iodine-induced goiter in penguins.

Goiter caused by excessive exposure to an iodine-containing disinfectant was an incidental finding at necropsy of captive penguins dying from renal failure, believed due to nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism. The disease was reproduced experimentally in ducklings.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Physical properties of nucleoprotein cores from adenovirus type 5.

Analytical ultracentrifugation, thermal denaturation, and electron microscopy have been used to study nucleoprotein core particles, obtained from disrupted type 5 adenovirus and partially purified on glycerol density gradients. Electron microscopy at low salt concentrations has shown that the cores are homogeneous particles with characteristic structures, which vary with conditions of observation from a fairly loose network of fibers to a highly condensed, compact particle. Sedimentation measurements in the analytical ultracentrifuge, both by boundary and by band techniques, show that the cores are relatively homogeneous in solution and have sedimentation coefficients near 185 S at low salt concentrations, about 243 S in 1 or 2 M NaCl, and 376 S in 1 mM MgCl2. Correlation of sedimentation data with electron microscopic observations suggests that the 185 S particle has a loose, fibrous structure, while the faster species are more highly condensed particles. The melting temperature of the cores in 5 mM Tris/HCl is 79 degrees C, which is 10 degrees C higher than the Tm for purified, viral DNA. This indicates that the protein enhances the stability of DNA in the nucleoprotein complex.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1977

Polypeptide phosphorylation in adenovirus-infected cells.

Cells infected with human adenovirus type 5 have been labelled with 32P-orthophosphate under various conditions and extracts examined, after denaturation in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) followed by autoradiography. A number of polypeptides appear to be phosphorylated specifically as a result of infection. Early in infection, phosphorylation of a polypeptide of apparent mol. wt. 26 K associated with ribosomes can be detected. Two other phosphorylated polypeptides of apparent mol. wt. 72 K and 18 K can also be seen, the former being mainly confined to the nucleus and capable of being precipitated by the previously described virus-specific P antiserum. The 18 K phosphorylated polypeptide is found mainly in association with membrane fractions. Later in infection phosphorylated polypeptides of apparent mol. wt. 100 K and 39 K can be recognized, the former being associated with ribosomes but removed, however, with a high salt wash; the latter component is mainly detected in the nucleus. Analysis of the purified 32P-labelled virus by the SDS PAGE technique indicated that a structural polypeptide of apparent mol. wt. 66 K (IIIa) was also phosphorylated.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1977

Characteristics of a human cell line transformed by DNA from human adenovirus type 5.

Human embryonic kidney cells have been transformed by exposing cells to sheared fragments of adenovirus type 5 DNA. The transformed cells (designated 293 cells) exhibited many of the characteristics of transformation including the elaboration of a virus-specific tumour antigen. Analysis of the polypeptides synthesized in the 293 cells by labelling with 35S-methionine and SDS PAGE showed a variable pattern of synthesis, different in a number of respects from that seen in otheruman cells. On labelling the surface of cells by lactoperoxidase catalysed radio-iodination, the absence of a labelled polypeptide analogous to the 250 K (LETS) glycoprotein was noted. Hybridization of labelled cellular RNA with restriction fragments of adenovirus type 5 DNA indicated transcription of a portion of the adenovirus genome at the conventional left hand end.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1977

A study of events in chick cells infected with human adenovirus type 5 and their relationship to the induction of interferon.

In an attempt to define the molecular events involved in induction of interferon, various parameters of chick cells infected with human adenovirus type 5 were analysed. It was shown by digestion with various proteolytic enzymes and by disruption of the purified virus that induction of interferon requires the interaction of infectious virus with the chick cells. Analysis of adenovirus-infected chick cells by immunological and biochemical techniques indicated that most of the cells produce some virus-specific components, and that temperature sensitive mutants which fail to induce interferon at the restrictive temperature fail to synthesize late components at that temperature. However, since it has been shown that interferon can be induced in the absence of DNA synthesis, these studies conclude that interferon induction results from an early interaction between virus (or virus product) and chick cells and moreover that this interaction is also necessary for the synthesis of virus DNA in this system.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1976

Adenoviridae.

The elevation of the genus Adenovirus to a family named Adenoviridae is described. This family at the present stage contains two genera, mammalian adenoviruses--Mastadenovirus--and avian adenoviruses--Aviadenovirus. The two genera are separated primarily on the basis of difference in immunological properties of the virions.

Adenoviridae↗