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Biomedical subjects

W Carpenter

Publications and source records attributed to W Carpenter.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Combining speech recognition software with Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) workstation software on a Microsoft Windows platform.

This presentation describes our experience in combining speech recognition software, clinical review software, and other software products on a single computer. Different processor speeds, random access memory (RAM), and computer costs were evaluated. We found that combining continuous speech recognition software with Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) workstation software on the same platform is feasible and can lead to substantial savings of hardware cost. This combination optimizes use of limited workspace and can improve radiology workflow.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Diet drugs and cardiac valvulopathy: a survey of dental patients.

The recent finding that several appetite suppressant drugs (fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine) were linked to cardiac valvular disease in a significant percentage of the population led to their voluntary withdrawal. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a series of recommendations in 1997 for evaluating dental patients who had taken these drugs. Since that time, several studies have further investigated the prevalence of valvular abnormalities. This information is crucial because of the problem of dentally associated bacterial endocarditis. This study surveyed more than 1,300 dental patients and determined the prevalence of patients taking these diet drugs and cardiac valvulopathy and the percentage of dental patients required to take antimicrobial endocarditis prophylaxis before "at risk" dental procedures. It remains important for dentists to query their patients for this information.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Activity-stress induces atrophy of apical dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in male rats.

Recently, researchers have demonstrated the damaging effect of restraint-stress on hippocampal neurons. The purpose of the present study was to determine if a more chronic stressor, i.e., activity-stress (A-S), would also result in hippocampal dendritic atrophy. When activity-stress (n = 6) rats showed evidence of the criteria "stress symptoms" (after an average of 6 days), they were sacrificed and their brains were quickly removed, blocked, and placed in Golgi-Cox solution. Food-yoked control animals (n = 6) were sacrificed on the following day. Serial coronal sections (150 um) of the rostral hippocampus were cut so that the CA3 and CAI areas could be analyzed. Stressed short-shaft neurons were significantly shorter and had fewer branch points in CA1 and CA3 neurons than the control neurons. A similar nonsignificant trend was observed in long-shaft neurons. These data suggest that a short period of chronic stress (6 days as opposed to 21 days in prior studies) induces neuronal atrophy in the hippocampus.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Reactivity of monoclonal antibodies 17.13 and 63.12 with oral epithelial dysplasia and hyperkeratosis.

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 17.13 and 63.12 exhibit characteristic reactivity patterns in normal stratified squamous epithelium, as well as highly sensitive and specific altered reactivity patterns in squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to critically evaluate the patterns of reactivity of MAbs 17.13 and 63.12 in 43 biopsies of clinical oral leukoplakia or erythroleukoplakia with microscopic diagnoses of hyperkeratosis or epithelial dysplasia. Altered carcinoma-like reactivity patterns were seen in 72% of hyperkeratoses and in all cases of epithelial dysplasia, but varied in the level of epithelial strata exhibiting altered reactivity. Increased frequency of altered reactivity within the epithelial strata was associated with the presence, but not the grade of, epithelial dysplasia, as well as with the presence, intensity; and pattern of submucosal inflammation. The results of this study suggest that altered reactivity patterns of MAb 17.13 are associated with epithelial dysplasia and may be of assistance in detecting precancerous changes in hyperkeratoses before morphologically identifiable epithelial dysplasia. The association of submucosal inflammation with altered MAbs 17.13 and 63.12 reactivity may indicate either a decrease in specificity of these antibodies for precancerous change or an increased significance of inflammation in precancerous lesions.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1997

Assessment of radiolucent lines about the glenoid. An in vitro radiographic study.

UNLABELLED: A study was undertaken to investigate the precision of plain radiographs in the assessment of the width of radiolucent lines and to define parameters for more accurate measurement. A metal-backed glenoid component was inserted into fourteen cadaveric scapulae; the component had a radiolucent spacer at the central post to provide a gap with a known width at the component-bone interface. The specimens were mounted in a custom-designed jig, and initial radiographs were made with the glenoid in neutral version; sequential radiographs then were made, at 5-degree intervals, with the glenoid in 0 to 40 degrees of anteversion and retroversion. Four independent observers with various levels of experience measured the width of the radiolucent lines with use of digital microcalipers. Osteometric analysis demonstrated that normal glenoid version ranged from 3 degrees of anteversion to 13 degrees of retroversion; these values were similar to those reported in previous studies. Radiographic analysis showed that accurate measurement of the width of the gap was dependent on the position of the glenoid. The measured widths of the radiolucent lines were significantly smaller than the known width of the gap when retroversion was 10 degrees or more and when anteversion was 15 degrees or more (p < or = 0.05). Radiolucent lines were not consistently observed on radiographs that were made with the glenoid in more than 20 degrees of anteversion and retroversion. An analysis of interobserver error showed close agreement among the measurements made by the different observers when the glenoid was in 0 and 5 degrees of rotation, with decreased agreement when the glenoid was rotated more than 10 degrees from neutral. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Inaccurate positioning of the patient and anatomical variation in glenoid version may explain the variability in the reported onsets, progressions, and frequencies of radiographic loosening of glenoid components. The findings of the present study also may help to explain the poor association between clinical and radiographic findings reported for patients who have pain at the site of a total shoulder prosthesis. Radiographs made within 10 degrees of neutral should allow accurate assessment of radiolucent lines about the glenoid.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Pigmented lateral periodontal cyst and other pigmented odontogenic lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of lateral periodontal cyst (LPC) with marked melanin pigmentation in a 38-year-old Black male and to discuss the phenomenon of melanin pigmentation in odontogenic cysts and tumors. RESULTS: Histologically, the epithelial lining of the LPC contained an abundant amount of melanin granules throughout the entire epithelium. Ultrastructurally, epithelial cells contained mature melanosomes (stage IV melanosomes). Melanophages containing aggregates of melanosomes were identified in the connective tissue cyst wall. Perusal of the literature revealed that melanin pigmentation in odontogenic lesions is uncommon. Melanin has been reported in calcifying odontogenic cyst (18 cases), odontogenic keratocyst (8 cases), adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (3 cases), ameloblastic fibroma (3 cases), odontoma (2 cases), and ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, odonto-ameloblastoma, and odontogenic fibroma (1 case each). CONCLUSIONS: Almost all pigmented odontogenic lesions; occurred in Blacks and Asians; they are almost non-existent in Whites. Thus, racial pigmentation probably plays an important role in such lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Histopathologic effects of kinetic cavity preparation for the removal of enamel and dentin. An in vivo animal study.

Recent developments in technology, direct placement restorative materials, and cavity preparation design have renewed interest in kinetic cavity preparation, a term to describe the use of air-abrasion for removal of tooth structure. This study compared the pulpal response of 120 teeth in mixed-breed dogs treated with four kinetic cavity preparation combinations of pressure (80 psi and 160 psi) and aluminum oxide particle sizes (27 microns and 50 microns) to those treated with high-speed rotary burs. Class V buccal preparations were made and restored with an interim material. Teeth were collected 72 hours after surgery, decalcified, sectioned, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and blindly evaluated by two examiners at the minimal dentin thickness. Samples were graded for extent of displacement, disruption, inflammation, and necrosis of pulpal structures. Differences between groups were analyzed with the use of Bonferroni-adjusted multiple Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests with p < 0.05 being significant. Higher pressures and smaller particles yielded significantly fewer pulpal effects than the high-speed treated teeth whereas lower pressures and larger particles were not significantly different for most effects evaluated. No adverse soft tissue effects were noted when kinetic cavity preparation was directed at attached gingiva.

Air Pressure↗
PubMed1995

Expression of the beta 6 integrin subunit in development, neoplasia and tissue repair suggests a role in epithelial remodeling.

The alpha v beta 6 integrin was identified in cultured epithelial cells and functions as a fibronectin receptor. We have now used monoclonal antibodies to determine in vivo expression patterns of the beta 6 subunit in normal and pathological human or primate tissues, and during experimental wound healing or induced lung injury. The results indicate that beta 6 expression is restricted to epithelia and is up-regulated in parallel with morphogenetic events, tumorigenesis, and epithelial repair. During development of the kidney, lung, and skin, we found that beta 6 is expressed by specific types of epithelial cells, whereas it is mostly undetectable in normal adult kidney, lung and skin. In contrast, we detected high-level expression in several types of carcinoma. For example, beta 6 is almost invariably neo-expressed in squamous cell carcinomas derived from the oral mucosa, often focally localized at the infiltrating edges of tumor islands. Expression of beta 6 is also upregulated in migrating keratinocytes at the wound edge during experimental epidermal wound healing. Similarly, beta 6 expression is induced in type II alveolar epithelial cells during lung injury caused by injection of live bacteria. We also observed beta 6 expression in adult lungs and kidneys at focal sites of subclinical inflammation, as well as in a variety of clinical specimens from patients with chronic or acute inflammation of the lungs or kidneys. From these findings and earlier results, we hypothesize that alpha v beta 6 affects cell spreading, migration and growth during reorganization of epithelia in development, tissue repair, and neoplasia.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Age differences in understanding of disease causality: AIDS, colds, and cancer.

The development of concepts of disease causality was explored by asking 9-, 11-, and 13-year-olds and college students about risk factors for AIDS, colds, and cancer. Their knowledge became more accurate and differentiated with age. Although younger children knew a good deal about what causes each of the diseases, they lacked knowledge of what does not cause them, often inferring that risk factors for one disease, especially AIDS, cause other diseases as well. Knowledge of true risk factors for a disease was largely independent of knowledge of non-risk factors, and knowledge of one disease was largely independent of knowledge of another. These findings provide clues as to how disease understandings evolve with age and suggest that health educators must both understand students' current knowledge structures and explicitly teach students to make important differentiations between risk and non-risk factors for a given disease and between distinct diseases.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Early, targeted pharmacotherapeutic intervention in schizophrenia.

Potential problems of long-term, substantial-dose neuroleptic exposure include development of adverse effects, undesirable interaction between drugs and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, masking of diagnostic indicators, and an iatrogenic increase in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The clinical application of approaches that reduce medication is supported by preliminary evidence from controlled studies. Preliminary data of an ongoing study show that a new, reduced-medication approach (i.e., early intervention, targeted pharmacotherapy) may prove to be a feasible treatment strategy. Treatment includes the early detection of warning or prodromal signs of relapse followed by a rapid pharmacotherapeutic intervention. Drug therapy is limited to psychotic episodes rather than continuous pharmacotherapy for prophylactic purposes. This treatment approach is enhanced by the careful selection of patients, for which some guidelines are given, and full integration with a wide range of psychosocial treatment procedures. Study results of the efficacy of the targeted approach versus the traditional pharmacotherapeutic approaches show similar outcomes over a 2-year course of treatment.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1985

Clinical correlates of decreased anteroposterior metabolic gradients in positron emission tomography (PET) of schizophrenic patients.

The finding in schizophrenic patients of a reversal of the normal frontal to posterior pattern of brain metabolic activity with positron emission tomography (PET) is of interest, but its relevance to psychopathology is unknown. Using PET, the authors studied 21 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 21 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Although eight of the 21 patients and only one of the control subjects showed a relatively lower anteroposterior metabolic gradient, no clinical correlates of this finding were noted. In addition, cerebral atrophy, as determined by CAT scan, was not associated with this aberrant metabolic pattern.

Adolescent↗