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Biomedical subjects

W Classen

Publications and source records attributed to W Classen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Comparison of sensorimotor and cognitive performance of acute schizophrenic inpatients treated with remoxipride or haloperidol.

29 acute schizophrenic patients according to DSM III and ICD-9 underwent examination of performance regarding cognitive and sensorimotor tasks at the beginning and the end of a 28-day neuroleptic treatment with remoxipride or haloperidol in a double-blind design. Psychopathological symptoms were assessed by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impression, extrapyramidal side effects (ESE) were rated by Simpson-Angus scale. A significant treatment effect for acoustic reaction time tasks, naming of colored stripes and interference could be demonstrated, whereas tapping revealed a significant effect of duration of treatment. Interaction effects regarding time of faults in line tracing, visual sensorimotor reaction time task and interference factor (Stroop test) could be observed. ESE and impairment of performance occurred simultaneously and ESE vanished with clinical improvement. Performance deficits were more pronounced in patients assigned to remoxipride treatment. Possible differential effects on performance under neuroleptic drug treatment will be discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Psychometric findings in treatment using the selective MAO-A inhibitors moclobemide and maprotiline].

Two groups of depressed patients were treated either with a selective MAO-A-inhibitor, moclobemide (n = 13), or a tetracyclic antidepressant, maprotiline (n = 18), in a 28 days lasting investigation. Before and after treatment psychopathologic symptoms were rated using Hamilton Depression Scale, motor performance were proven by the Motorische Leistungs-Serie (MLS), and acoustic and visual sensorimotor performance were investigated using Bettendorff Reaktiometer T96. Deterioration of psychomotor performance were seen in patients without amelioration of their psychopathologic symptoms, especially when treated with moclobemide. These findings were regarded as a hint that possibly the therapeutic agent interacts with the wrong transmitter system and perhaps this is the reason for the deterioration of psychomotor functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Pain and personality--a review of the literature with special reference to depressive syndromes].

Common concepts of personality states and traits (hysteria, hypochondria, depression, neuroticism, extraversion) will be discussed concerning their relevance to describe pain patients phenomenologically. Further characteristics as sex, age, fear and aggressiveness are regarded. Perceptual styles (repression vs sensitization, augmentation vs reduction) and cognitive factors are briefly mentioned. Finally critical comments on methodological aspects of empirical pain patients' personality description will be outlined, which reflect the controversial discussion on possible association between personality and pain.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1989

Moclobemide and maprotiline in the treatment of inpatients with major depressive disorder.

A double-blind study with the substituted benzamide moclobemide, a novel reversible, short acting MAOI with predominant inhibition of MAO-A, and maprotiline, the most selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor available at present has been conducted in n = 40 severely depressed inpatients suffering from predominantly endogenous depressions. No significant differences between the two drugs were found using global HRSD, HAMA and self rating scales. Regarding the clinical profile moclobemide seemed to be more effective in retarded depressives, maprotiline was superior in alleviating depressive agitation and sleep disturbances. The latter symptoms were responsible for three cases of treatment withdrawal in the moclobemide group. No case of hypertensive crisis could be registered, though patients were not subject to food restrictions. Maximal concentrations of moclobemide in CSF were reached two hours after oral application, compared to tricyclic antidepressants a high CSF/plasma ratio could be detected.

Anthracenes↗
PubMed1988

Ventricular size, cognitive and psychomotor performance, and laterality in schizophrenia.

Based on the association of cerebral ventricular enlargement with cognitive impairments in schizophrenia, the present study looked for relationships between the hemispheric ventricular size and tests of performance as well as their sensitivity to neuroleptics. No meaningful relations could be established. On the contrary, wider ventricles were associated with less cognitive and psychomotor impairment and less sensitivity to neuroleptics.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of oxiracetam on learning and memory in animals: comparison with piracetam.

The effects of oxiracetam and piracetam were compared in learning and memory tests in rats and mice. In the dose range examined, the two nootropics were equally active in reducing the amnesia induced by cerebral electroshock in the mouse. Step-down retention performance, however, was distinctly improved by oxiracetam but unaffected by piracetam, no matter whether it was given before or immediately after the learning trial. Oxiracetam also improved acquisition performance in aged (24- to 27-month-old) rats in an active-avoidance situation at doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg i.p. whereas piracetam showed no effect at 100 mg/kg i.p.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Facilitation or inhibition of memory by morphine: a question of experimental parameters.

The effects of morphine on memory are highly controversial. According to some investigators post-trial injections of morphine facilitate memory. Others, however, have reported impairment of memory after morphine injections. To investigate the extent to which this may be due to different experimental parameters, foot-shock intensity and dosage of morphine were systematically varied in a passive-avoidance task. It was found that post-trial administration of medium and relatively high doses of morphine facilitate retention performance following moderate levels of foot-shock. Under other conditions of dose and shock intensity, the drug was not effective or even impaired retention.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Placebo application, personality, and headaches: a signal detection theory analysis of experimentally induced pain in comparison to clinical pain.

45 patients suffering from severe chronic intermittent headaches were divided into 3 groups matched for sex, and assigned to a double-blind 5-week cross-over design with 3 X 1 g/d metamizole--a mild analgesic of the pyrazolone type--a placebo, or a no-treatment control condition. For each of the 6 sessions (t0-t5) signal detection theory parameters d' and log beta for assessment of electrical pain perception and headache ratings on the preceding treatment period were obtained. At t0 all patients were examined via a personality inventory. There were no significant drug effects on headache and signal detection theory parameters, but a clear decrease of the discrimination index d' and of clinical pain over time, regardless of the mode of treatment. No relationship between pathological and experimentally induced pain could be demonstrated. There was no significant negative correlation between response bias of judgement of stimulus intensity (log beta) and neuroticism.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The effects of various antiepileptic drugs on E-shock-induced amnesia in mice: dissociability of effects on convulsions and effects on memory.

Antiepileptic drugs prevent tonic convulsions induced by cerebral electroshocks. The present study investigated whether these drugs can also modulate the amnestic effect of the cerebral electroshock. It could be shown that phenytoin, ethosuximide, valproinate sodium, phenobarbitone, and clonazepam dose-dependently worsened the amnestic effect of electroshock (despite prevention of the convulsion). Carbamazepine, in contrast, significantly reduced the amnestic effect of the cerebral electroshock even at doses below the threshold for anticonvulsant activity.

Amnesia↗
PubMed1983

Influence of sensory suggestibility on treatment outcome in headache patients.

In 45 headache patients the relationship between sensory suggestibility and three measures of treatment effect--ratings on (1) intensity of headaches; (2) efficacy of drugs, and (3) physician's competence--was investigated in a double-blind long-term crossover study. Subjects scoring high on sensory suggestibility clearly showed more relief of headaches upon the analgesic as well as upon the placebo. The physician's competence was rated higher by high-suggestible patients, whereas ratings on drug efficacy were low in all patients. The seemingly controversial behavior of high-suggestible patients was interpreted as a call for continuation of the physician's efforts in spite of the relief the patients already achieved.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Nicotine and amphetamine: differential tolerance and no cross-tolerance for ingestive effects.

Rats chronically treated twice daily with nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, SC) or d,1-amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg, SC) exhibited different patterns of anorexia, hypodipsia, and body weight loss. Amphetamine-treated rats developed tolerance to these ingestive effects and to weight loss, whereas nicotine-injected rats did not. There was little, if any, evidence for cross-tolerance when the drugs were switched between the two groups. These results indicate that different mechanisms underlie the ingestive effects of nicotine and amphetamine.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1979

Computer-compatible system for continuous volumetric measurement of water consumption?

An inexpensive drinkometer system is described that is compatible with most data acquisition systems and can be used for continuously monitoring the drinking pattern of laboratory animals. The change in electrical inductance resulting from the descent of a free-floating ferrite unit through a drinking tube, surrounded by a double coil, is converted to a signal proportional to the volume of fluid consumed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of nicotine and amphetamine on body-weight regulation].

Twice daily c.c. injections of nicotine or amphetamine, for 6 weeks, produced a stabilization of the body weight at a level below that of the controls. This is attained by a transient hypophagia in normal animals and by a brief hyperphagia in animals emaciated prior to the treatment period. These effects confirm the hypothesis of Powley and Keesey (2) that the set-point for body weight is regulated, and not food intake.

Amphetamine↗