Biomedical subjects

W Colman

Publications and source records attributed to W Colman.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Tyrannical omnipotence in the archetypal father.

This paper sets the archetypal relationship between the tyrannical, devouring father and his sons in the context of a disjunction in the parental couple (syzygy) whereby the role of the maternal feminine is eclipsed and excluded. This is shown to originate in an omnipotent defence against infantile dependence on the mother. Successful liberation from the father's tyranny requires the restoration of mutuality between the internal couple. Although the main focus is on the internal world (and a detailed clinical illustration is given, showing the working out of this process in the analytical relationship), reference is also made to political tyranny, attitudes to the control of Nature by technological means and patriarchal forms of masculinity. The Chronos myth is amplified through the use of two modern variants in the films The Terminator and Star Wars.

Father-Child Relations↗

PubMed1996

Aspects of anima and animus in Oedipal development.

This paper aims to insert the contrasexual archetype into the dynamic narrative of the Oedipus complex. Jung used the terms 'anima' and 'animus' to classify observed phenomena but did not explore the developmental origins of these phenomena in terms of personal history and experience. Some typical manifestations of anima and animus are described and shown to be rooted in the vicissitudes of Oedipal development. The contrasexual archetype is initially mediated by the oedipally loved parent and subsequent manifestations bear the imprint not only of the parent himself or herself but of the entire complex of object relationships in which Oedipal love is embedded. Successful resolution of the Oedipus complex depends on freeing the anima/animus from its Oedipal bonds so that its function as a bridge to the unconscious can be realized. This function is connected with the emergence of a symbolic capacity through which anima and animus can be recognized and valued as imaginal rather than external realities. The clinical material explores the damaging impact of a split parental couple on this process and the positive role of idealization as a stimulus to psychic development.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Love, desire and infatuation: encountering the erotic spirit.

Erotic love is a universal experience with all the features of numinous archetypal experience. Indeed, for many people it may be their closest brush with the divine. Prior to Plato the spiritual and sexual aspects of the erotic spirit seem to have been fused but Plato introduced a distinction between physical and sexual love that opened up a conflict between them that has not yet been healed. It is proposed that love is an experience of the imagination; links are drawn between this idea and Plato's ladder of love in which the love of beauty and truth supercedes physical love. At the same time, the indissoluble linkage between the sexual and the spiritual is asserted, especially as found in the poetry of Donne. In addition to the regressive elements emphasized in psychoanalytic views of love, encountering the erotic spirit involves an initiation process culminating in the transformation brought about through the painful loss of love's illusions.

Female↗

PubMed1994

"The scenes themselves which lie at the bottom of the story:" Julius, circumcision, and the castration complex.

In this paper I developed a description of Freud's childhood environment and the events surrounding the life of his brother Julius. I examined some of Freud's dreams, letters, and theoretical writings for clues regarding the effect of his early traumatic life events related to Julius. As Alice Miller (1990) suggests, "... how fruitless historical research can be if the psychological significance of external events is not taken into consideration" (p. 9). Miller (1981) also remarks, "... every childhood's conflictual experiences remain hidden and locked in darkness, and the key to our understanding of the life that follows is hidden away with them." I offer this analysis with the expectation of opening a search for the key; that identifying and interpreting Freud's own repressed material will lead to a fuller understanding of the prehistory of psychoanalysis and lend perspective to the meaning of his theories.

Anxiety, Castration↗

PubMed1992

Maintaining autonomy: the struggle between occupational therapy and physical medicine.

In 1948, several physiatrists, representing the emerging medical specialty of physical medicine, held a meeting at which they aggressively attempted to wrest control of occupational therapy's educational programs and national registry from the jurisdiction of the American Occupational Therapy Association. This paper offers one view of the events that led up to that meeting and the consequences of that struggle for occupational therapy autonomy. It focuses on several critical incidents in the struggle, the salient issues debated, and the strategies used by both physical medicine and occupational therapy to influence the outcome. The consequences of the confrontation as they affected occupational therapy education and practice are discussed.

Conflict, Psychological↗

PubMed1992

Exploring educational boundaries: occupational therapy and the multiple-entry-route system, 1970-1982.

Since the mid-1960s, occupational therapy has maintained a multiple-entry-route educational system that provides professional preparation leading to certification for a variety of candidates. This paper focuses on the 1970s and recounts a time marked by exploration of an assortment of entry-level routes that embraced the concept of laddering and included proficiency testing and career mobility programs. The paper reviews the educational debates that occurred while occupational therapy tested the limits of innovative educational mechanisms. Although the American Occupational Therapy Association debated new options for professional preparation and temporarily instituted one additional educational avenue in those years, by 1982 its educational system returned to its mid-1960s design.

Career Mobility↗

PubMed1992

Structuring education: development of the first educational standards in occupational therapy, 1917-1930.

The movement to standardize educational preparation in occupational therapy grew as the profession developed following World War I. This paper explores the debates that surrounded the evolution of occupational therapy's first sanctioned educational system. A variety of professionals involved in the formation of occupational therapy engaged in these debates. They focused their attention primarily on whether education should be regulated and, if so, how that education might be structured. Each coveted different views about how the fledgling profession might develop. These early debates signify one of the first attempts to identify a vision for the evolution of occupational therapy.

Curriculum↗

PubMed1990

Evolving educational practices in occupational therapy: the War Emergency Courses, 1936-1954.

The paper uses evidence collected from both written and oral history sources to present one approach to understanding the way in which educational practices evolved in occupational therapy. The paper introduces two fundamental positions regarding the nature, scope, and content of professional preparation for occupational therapists. For expediency, these viewpoints are labeled academicism and experientialism. This paper traces the interaction of these positions in the development and implementation of the War Emergency Courses. The implications for educational policy in occupational therapy arising from that program are also examined.

Curriculum↗

PubMed1990

The Curriculum Directors: influencing occupational therapy education, 1948-1964.

This paper depicts an important story in the history of occupational therapy. The story concerns a small group of women, known as the Curriculum Directors, whose influence prevailed in the growth and development of occupational therapy throughout the 1950s. The account is synthesized from both written history sources and oral history interviews with group members and their contemporaries. It characterizes the Curriculum Directors and describes their influence on the profession as well as others' perceptions of their accomplishments. This paper also chronicles the forces that emerged in reaction to the Curriculum Directors' authority and briefly details the dissolution of their power.

Curriculum↗

PubMed1990

Recruitment standards and practices in occupational therapy, 1900-1930.

Debate regarding recruitment standards and practices exemplifies various visions of practice that exist within a profession. In occupational therapy, early recruitment criteria provide an example of how the field's founders envisioned the professional practitioner. As occupational therapy grew in membership throughout the 1920s, that vision was challenged. This paper identifies and describes the recruitment ideas expressed by both the founders of occupational therapy and their challengers from 1900 to 1930 and suggests the influence of their ideas on recruitment standards.

Advertising↗

PubMed1989

Affective responses to activities: a comparative study.

The purpose of this study was to document variation in affective responses to different types of traditional occupational therapy activities. Each of 45 subjects (24 psychiatric inpatients and 21 matched control subjects) participated in a series of four activities: leather lacing, working with clay, filing, and exercycling. Immediately following each activity, each subject completed the Affective Self-Report Checklist designed to elicit affective responses. In addition, each of the activity sessions was professionally videotaped and later rated for affective responses by trained observers. The data analysis revealed no significant differences in affective responses to activities between groups. However, with the groups combined, significant differences were found in affective responses on 6 of the 15 scales of the checklist, with clay and filing the pair of activities that differed most. These findings are a necessary first step in the collection of baseline data regarding responses to activities.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

The evolution of occupational therapy in the public schools: the laws mandating practice.

This paper provides an overview of the evolution of occupational therapy in public school systems. The focus of this history is the passage and implementation of the laws mandating service provision to children with disabilities and a cursory examination of the social, political, and economic currents that have influenced that service provision. An effort was made to cull the most salient issues currently affecting occupational therapists who work in public school systems; for this reason, information was gathered from oral history sources, which provided the bulk of the data. Additional written sources were synthesized to provide a comprehensive review of the story of occupational therapy's emergence and current responsibilities in the education of children with disabilities.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Historical research methods in occupational therapy.

This article discusses the process and methods of historical research in relation to occupational therapy. The paper reviews the process of writing history, including data gathering, organization, and interpretation as well as the responsibilities of the historical researcher. The authors propose that the methods of historical research can be used by occupational therapists as a means to develop a body of knowledge about the profession's history.

Data Collection↗

PubMed1987

Variable weight training in cystic fibrosis.

A six-month pilot study of variable weight training (VWT) was undertaken to assess its impact on body weight, pulmonary function, muscle size and strength, and social function in 12 adolescent and adult patients with moderately severe cystic fibrosis. Exercise for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has often been recommended as an adjunct to physical therapy, although aerobic exercise has not resulted in weight gain in CF. Compared to a three-month control period, six months of VWT resulted in significant increase in weight (2.88 kg, p less than .02), muscle size (1.6 to 1.8 cm upper arm, p less than .01), strength (increase from 16 to 32 muscle groups at normal strength, p less than .005), and decrease in residual volume (1.77 L, p less than .03) and RV/TLC (12.4 percent, p less than .02). There was no significant improvement in other measures of pulmonary or social function. VWT appears to be a form of exercise in which even moderately ill CF patients can engage safely, leading to desired weight gain and increased strength. These results warrant further study of the effects of VWT on pulmonary function and CF morbidity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

Occupational therapy and child abuse.

This report describes the part occupational therapy played in a community-based research and demonstration project instituted to treat abusive parents and their children. The development of the project, designed to define characteristics of abusive parents and their children and to experiment with various forms of treatment, is discussed first. The psychosocial and psychological dynamics of abusive parents are reviewed next. Through an occupational therapy evaluation process, these dynamics were found to be isolation, poor group and socialization skills, inability to set priorities or to develop order in most situations, a weak internalized ego structure as a basis for determining their needs and identity, the inability to perceive one's abilities and limitations accurately, and a great need for clear external structure. Finally, occupational therapy as a viable, evaluative tool and treatment mode in child abuse is discussed wherein the parents learned and understood cause and effect and developed some measure of control of a situation.

Child Abuse↗