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Biomedical subjects

W D Davis

Publications and source records attributed to W D Davis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

An investigation of workplace AIDS training with implications for occupational health promotion efforts.

Workplace AIDS training is a recent addition to many corporations' occupational health agenda. However, little is known about the objectives, content, and practices of AIDS training programs. A survey of 126 workplace AIDS trainers was conducted to determine the impact of the trainer's organizational affiliation (in-house, consultant, union, etc.) and personal motives on training program objectives, content, and practices. Results indicate that the organizational affiliation of trainers is significantly related to training objectives, topics, and practices, whereas strong personal motives for becoming an AIDS trainer is significantly associated with an emphasis on more controversial content areas and training practices. Findings are discussed in terms of applicability to other values-oriented training topics, applications to practice, and future research needs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Cardiogenic stroke in the elderly.

Cardiogenic stroke accounts for 15-20% of all ischemic strokes and for more than double than number in the very elderly. In this article, available data regarding cardiogenic embolism, its prevention and management in the elderly are reviewed in addition to the epidemiology, diagnosis, and major sources of cardiac emboli, and nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Hepatic hemangioma with normal angiograms. Three case reports.

Three cases of symptomatic cavernous hemangioma of the liver are reported. All three patients have normal angiograms. A review of the literature shows that the diagnosis of hemangioma may be made noninvasively with a high degree of accuracy. Technetium Tc 99m-labeled red blood cell scanning is very specific, while dynamic computed tomography may be more sensitive for small lesions. A combination of the two modalities makes the diagnosis in greater than 90% of cases. Magnetic resonance imaging is also sensitive and specific. Angiography, as shown in these cases, may not only be questionably indicated, but may be misleading. The treatment for symptomatic lesions is resection, and secondary alternatives are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Prenatal diagnosis of Pena-Shokeir syndrome type 1.

This report describes the sonographic diagnosis of the Pena-Shokeir syndrome type 1 during the second trimester of a pregnancy which was electively terminated. The mother had previously delivered a macerated, hydropic infant with multiple congenital anomalies. The diagnosis was based on the recurrence of hydramnios and nonimmune hydrops in a fetus with normal chromosomes, normal amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein, normal fetal echocardiography, and lack of evidence of a lysosomal storage disease. These observations suggest that serial sonography during the second trimester in pregnancies at risk may allow for the prenatal diagnosis of the Pena-Shokeir syndrome type 1. Without further experience, it would not be prudent to suggest to couples at risk that the prenatal diagnosis of a recurrence can be assured with a high degree of accuracy.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1981

Double-blind multicenter comparison of 1,200 mg. and 1,000 mg. cimetidine in hospitalized and ambulatory duodenal ulcer patients.

A multicenter double-blind study was made to compare whether 1,000 mg dosage of cimetidine, the dose commonly employed in the United Kingdom, was as effective as the 1,200 mg. dose recommended in the United States for the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Our second goal was to test whether hospitalization would enhance the efficacy of cimetidine in the healing of duodenal ulcer. There was no difference in healing rate after either one (40%) or four (86%) weeks of therapy. In addition, hospitalization (one week) did not enhance the efficacy of cimetidine therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Malabsorption in jejunal diverticulosis treated with resection of the diverticula.

Patients with jejunal diverticula usually are asymptomatic unless bacterial overgrowth within the diverticula is sufficient to cause vitamin B12 deficiency, by direct uptake of the vitamin by the bacteria, or malabsorption resulting from bacterial deconjugation of bile salts and impaired lipid digestion. The administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics usually constitutes effective treatment that suppresses bacterial flora, with surgery reserved for complications such as hemorrhage, perforation, and abscess formation, and acute or chronic intestinal obstruction. Our patient had many diverticula, and two courses of antibiotics failed to provide prolonged relief of symptoms. After surgical exploration to exclude the presence of partial intestinal obstruction or infiltrating disease of the terminal ileum, the segment of jejunum bearing diverticula was resected. Since operation the patient has remained asymptomatic, which suggests that in certain patients, even with many diverticula, surgical exploration and excision of the diverticula may be curative.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Lower bowel disorders. 2. Diverticular disease.

Diverticula are thought to result from high intraluminal pressures in closed segments of the sigmoid colon, causing herniation of mucosa and submucosa through muscle along the paths of the nutrient vessels. Mild diverticular disease usually can be managed with bed rest and a controlled diet, plus administration of antibiotics. Acute diverticulitis, especially recurrent bouts, may call for colonic resection.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Lower bowel disorders. 1. Irritable bowel syndrome.

The symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome tend to occur as a reaction to stress in patients with certain personality attributes, such as depressive tendencies, perfectionism, and meticulousness. Management consists of reassuring the patient through appropriate physical examination and laboratory and radiologic tests that organic disease is not present; explaining the mechanism of his or her pain; and outlining a full treatment regimen with the patient's input.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1977

Calving rate following fixed time insemination after a 12-day progesterone treatment in dairy cows, beef cows and heifers.

Farm trials were carried out to determine if cows and heifers could be inseminated on a fixed time basis following a 12-day treatment with progesterone coils and an injection of 5 mg oestradiol benzoate and 200 mg progesterone at the start of treatment. The retention rate of the coils was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) when a 5.5 cm diameter was used compared with a diameter of 7.0 cm. Calving rate was similar in treated cows bred at a detected oestrus, at 56 + 74 hours after treatment or at 56 hours after treatment and injection of 100 microgram gonadotrophin releasing hormone 20 hours previously and in control cows bred at oestrus. Fertility to the first repeat oestrus was also similar in treated and control cows. Significantly (P less than 0.05) more synchronised cows calved following fixed time AI compared with the calving rate in control cows inseminated for a 24-day experimental period. In beef suckler cows, calved at least 50 days, and dairy heifers weighing over 280 kg, calving rate was similar in treated animals bred at 56 and 74 hours after treatment compared to calving rate in control animals bred at oestrus.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Endoscopic retrograde choledochopancreatography.

Endoscopic retrograde choledochopancreatography (ERCP) was attempted in 77 patients. Of 33 patients suspected of having bilitary tract disease, ductograms were obtained in 21. Of 56 patients suspected of having pancreatic disease, ductograms were obtained in 35. Since 12 patients were thought to have disease of both ductal systems, the total number of suspected ducts exceeds the number of patients. It is concluded that ERCP is a valuable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of pancreatic or biliary tract disease. Additional data from a prospective study are necessary to determine its clinical relevance.

Amylases↗