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W D Hillis

Publications and source records attributed to W D Hillis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

HLA antigens and HBV infection: evaluation in the chronic carrier state and in a large family.

HLA antigens were determined in 65 apparently well chronic carriers of HBsAg, in race-matched controls and in 42 members of a family with a high frequency of hepatitis B virus infection. The only apparent significant association in the chronic carriers was negative, i.e., no HLA-B7 specificities were found among whites. B7 may confer resistance for whites to chronic infection with hepatitis B. In the family neither active (HBsAg) nor prior (anti-HBs) hepatitis B infection was associated with HLA specificities. HLA antigens in this family failed to provide a clue to the genetics of hepatitis B infection.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1981

Hepatitis B infection in patients with end stage renal disease: some characteristics and consequences.

Susceptibility to hepatitis B infection appears to be in part genetically determined. The HLA specificity Bw35 is commonly associated with a higher frequency of both transient and persistent hepatitis B surface antigen in the serum. Persistent hepatitis B surface antigenemia occurring in patients with end stage renal disease while on dialysis is associated with a poor prognosis and markedly decreased survival regardless of whether the individual is treated subsequently by chronic dialysis or by transplantation. We conclude that persistent hepatitis B surface antigenemia is not a contraindication to transplantation since outcome is not improved by management on hemodialysis.

Hepatitis B Surface Antigens↗
PubMed1979

Hepatitis B surface antigenemia in renal transplant recipients. Increased mortality risk.

To determine effects of circulating hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) on patient survival following renal transplantation, we studied 168 recipients of cadaveric grafts in whom HBsAg status was defined at transplantation by comparison of survivorships determined by actuarial life-table methods. Survival in HBsAg-positive recipients, as compared with those who were HBsAg-negative at the time of transplantation, was markedly diminished. Although graft survival appeared to be favored in the HBsAg-positive group in the early posttransplant period, the apparent protective effect was lost at nine months after grafting and thereafter, due to increased mortality in the HBsAg-positive recipients. Deaths in the antigenemic subjects were principally due to infections other than hepatitis and to cardiovascular events. We conclude that preexisting HBs antigenemia forebodes an ominous outcome for immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients, although hepatic disorders do not account for most deaths.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1979

Cryptosporidiosis in an immunosuppressed renal-transplant recipient with IgA deficiency.

Cryptosporidia are sporozoan parasites that infect epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Infection with cryptosporidia has been found most commonly in a variety of animal species and only rarely in man. The authors report a case of an immunosuppressed renal-transplant recipient with IgA deficiency who experienced diarrhea and fever and was found to have cryptosporidia in a jejunal biopsy specimen and in air-dried smears of the specimen. By electron microscopy, trophozoite, schizont, and macrogamete forms were identified, and these forms ahd morphologic features similar to those of cryptosporidia previously found in guinea pigs. Treatment of the cryptosporidial infection in this case was with trisulfapyrimidines. The efficacy of this treatment could not be evaluated because of complications.

Apicomplexa↗
PubMed1977

Associations of hepatitis B surface antigenemia with HLA locus B specificities.

To test whether HLA histocompatibility phenotypes might be associated with circulating hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG), we performed chisquare and Scheffé analyses on findings in 144 renal patients with known HLA types and HBsAg status. A significant relation between locus B HLA type (or types) and HBS antigenemia was demonstrated (P = 0.01, adjusted for dual testing) with positive associations suggested between Bw15, Bw17 and Bw35 types and transient or persistent (or both) antigenemia. The latter associations individually were statistically significant only if multiple testing was disregarded, but the contrast by the Scheffé method between the three implicated specificities and all other specificities was significant, even after adjustment for multiple testing (P less than 0.02). Associations of genetically determined HLA specificities with hepatitis B infection may constitute the basis for previously observed population differences in HBS Ag prevalences, and suggest that susceptibility to hepatitis B infection may be in part genetically determined.

Alleles↗
PubMed1977

Fluorescent antibody study of diseased, end-stage human kidneys.

Forty cases of diseased kidneys at end-stage were studied by fluorescent antibody technique in search for viral etiology of glomerulonephritis and other renal diseases. Among these 40 cases, 12 (30%) were ascribed to immune complex disease because of detection of immunoglobulins and complement in glomeruli of the same kidney specimen. In 8 cases (20%) only complement was detected in glomeruli. In the remaining 50% neither complement nor immunoglobulin deposit was found in glomeruli. The etiologies of the latter cases remain unknown. Of 12 cases of kidney disease of immune complex origin, hepatitis virus type B surface antigen was detected in 2 cases. In these 2 cases the magnitude of immune complex deposits with complement was greater than that of other cases. Other than hepatitis B virus antigen, no other viruses including Coxsackieviruses, ECHO viruses, and HSV-1 could be detected by indirect fluorescent antibody techniques. The proportion of complement deposit to the deposition of complement with immune complex in the diseased kidneys at end-stage was calculated and statistically analyzed.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Hepatitis B surface antigen and e antigen in pleural effusion: a case report.

Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were demonstrated in pleural fluid obtained from a 40-year-old dialysis patient who had HBSAg and HBeAg in her serum. The titers of HBsAg and HBeAg were similar in serum and pleural fluid. Examination of the pleural fluid by electron microscopy revealed the presence of intact hepatitis B virus particles. These findings underline the potential hepatitis B virus infectivity of other body fluids besides blood, especially for medical and laboratory personnel.

Adult↗