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Biomedical subjects

W D Kaplan

Publications and source records attributed to W D Kaplan.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Radiocolloid scintigraphic mapping of the lymphatic drainage of the prostate.

Radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy with the new microcolloid 99mtechnetium antimony sulfide is a diagnostic technique with potential application in patients with urologic malignancy. Scintigraphic images were obtained after simple interstitial injection into the prostate of 9 normal dogs and 2 patients with prostatic cancer and into the testis in 2 dogs. The images show the physiologic lymphatic drainage of the organs injected.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

The effect of cancer chemotherapeutic agents on the liver-spleen scan.

The effects of short-term cancer chemotherapy on the liver-spleen scintiscans of 15 patients were assessed. Half of these exhibited minimal and transient changes in the pattern of radiocolloid distribution and/or chemical liver-function tests. No examples of new focal defects were seen. The data suggest that cytotoxic drugs are capable of inducing minor scan changes that might be attributed erroneously to intrinsic hepatic disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Serotherapy of a patient with a monoclonal antibody directed against a human lymphoma-associated antigen.

A preliminary serotherapeutic trial was undertaken with a monoclonal antibody designated antibody 89 (Ab 89) directed against a lymphoma-associated antigen. In vitro studies demonstrated that Ab 89 could mediate complement-dependent lysis and macrophage adherence but not antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. To evaluate toxicity and therapeutic efficacy, two courses of Ab 89 were administered to a patient with an Ab 89-reactive tumor. Transient decreases in the number of circulating tumor cells and the appearance of circulating dead cells were noted with the infusion of Ab 89. Following administration of 150 mg or more of Ab 89, small amounts of antibody could be demonstrated on circulating tumor cells at a time when no free antibody was found in the serum. The inability to deliver a significant amount of Ab 89 to tumor cells in vivo is thought to be secondary to a circulating tumor antigen. Following each infusion, the amount of this blocking antigen decreased but could not be entirely cleared from the serum. This study provides preliminary evidence for the lack of clinical toxicity of a monoclonal antibody and identifies circulating blocking antigens as a significant obstacle to serotherapy.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1979

A comparison of two technetium-99m-labeled radiopharmaceuticals for lymphoscintigraphy: concise communication.

A comparison of stannous phytate and antimony sulfide colloid, both labeled with Tc-99m, was conducted during the performance of internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy in 46 patients. Thirteen of these patients were randomized to receive both radiotracers in two consecutive studies. The results indicated a statistical difference between agents; Tc-99m antimony sulfide allowed visualization of a greater number of more intense nodes, better delineation of the total length of the internal mammary lymph-node chain, and a more consistent visualization of supraclavicular nodes. Although previously published animal data suggest utility of Tc-99m stannous phytate for lymph-node imaging, Tc-99m antimony sulfide was shown in this clinical comparison to provide a more reliable representation of lymph-node anatomy.

Antimony↗
PubMed1978

Intra-arterial radionuclide infusion: a new technique to assess chemotherapy perfusion patterns.

A mechanical infusion pump was used to introduce 99mTc-sulfur colloid at a rate of 1 ml/minute into the hepatic arteries of six patients. The radiotracer distribution patterns were compared to those obtained with "bolus" radionuclide angiography and those seen with standard contrast angiography. In all cases, the slow flow rate radionuclide studies evidenced dramatic differences from the patterns obtained with rapid flow rate injections. The results indicate that standard, rapid-injection contrast techniques may not produce the most reliable information regarding potential flow distribution. It is concluded that radiotracers introduced at flow rates approximating those attained with infusion pumps will offer the best estimates of both initial catheter placement and subsequent patterns of hepatic distribution of chemotherapeutic agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A model for the radionuclide measurement of ascitic fluid volumes.

Technetium-99m phytate colloids formed in vitro and in vivo were examined as radioindicators for estimation of the volume of third-space fluid in an ovarian ascites model using C3HeB/FeJ mice. In double-label experiments, the accuracy of the colloids for dilution analysis was found to be equal or superior to that of I-125 HSA. Sampling times 3--5 min after intraperitoneal administration were found to produce the best volume estimates. Four needle-stopcock assemblies inserted sequentially into the quadrants of the peritoneal cavity were used for administration and sampling of the radioindicators. The stopcocks could be closed to prevent leakage of ascitic fluid during the procedure. In contrast to radiolabeled albumin, Tc-99m phytate colloids have clinical use for simultaneous imaging of radiotracer migration to assess potential occlusion of diaphragmatic lymphatics by neoplastic cells, and for dilution analysis to estimate volume of ascitic fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The radionuclide identification of tumors.

Tumor-seeking radiopharmaceuticals have been employed in the diagnosis of primary neoplasms, in the detection of distant disease, particularly in the localization of tumor foci to facilitate biopsies and the planning of radiation portals, and in assessing the response to tumor therapy. At the present, there is no ideal tumor-scanning agent. However, several approaches appear to be useful and offer promise for further study. The greatest experience has been with Gallium-67, which has major utility in the staging of Hodgkin's disease, in the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma, in the detection of certain metastatic brain tumors, in the identification of recurrent disease, and in the noninvasive diagnosis of leukemic complications. A number of radiolabeled antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agents have shown promise, including tetracycline and bleomycin. A major drawback, however, of these agents which is shared with Gallium-67 is that they appear to be sequestered by inflammatory as well as neoplastic tissue. A most intriguing approach is the use of radiolabeled antibodies to tumor-associated antigens. Animal and clinical experiments have employed antifibrin, antifibrinogen, anticarcinoembryonic antigen, and antiferritin. Theoretically, agents such as these should allow for greater tumor specificity.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1975

Radionuclide immunoglobulin lymphangiography: a case report.

Iodine-131-labeled immunospecific gamma globulin derived from immunization of rabbits with F antigen, a tumor associated antogen in Hodgkin's disease, has been utilized for intralymphatic infusion in a patient with known recurrent Hodgkin's disease inthe inguinofemoral and pelvic regions. Rectilinear scanning successfully delineatedthe tumor masses, and external monitoring showed retention of activity in the tumor sitesover an 8-day period.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Genetic manipulation of an abnormal jump response in Drosophila.

The hyperkinetic mutants, Hk(1) and Hk(2), jump and fall over when an object moves near them. This behavior, the kinetogenic response, has been measured by the experimenter moving his hand above a vial containing a single fly and scoring the number of positive responses in fifty trials. The response is higher in Hk(1) than in Hk(2) and has remained so over a period of several years and in different genetic backgrounds. The Hk(1)/Hk(2) heterozygote also responds to movements, establishing the allelism of the two mutants.-When Sh(5), a shaker mutant at another locus on the X chromosome, is introduced into the same chromosome as Hk(1) or Hk(2), the response is reduced in proportion to the number of Sh(5) mutant genes added.-When Hk(1) or Hk(2) is heterozygous with a deficiency for the hyperkinetic region of the X chromosome, the expression is more abnormal than the respective Hk(1) or Hk(2) homozygote. This shows that the mutant genes are producing an altered gene product, or less of the normal, since one mutant gene by itself has a more abnormal expression than two. A tentative explanation has been offered for the observed mutant behaviors.

Alleles↗