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Biomedical subjects

W D Lohr

Publications and source records attributed to W D Lohr.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Research on psychotherapy with children and adolescents: an overview of evolving trends and current issues.

We present a broad overview of research on psychotherapy with children and adolescents, with a focus on dimensions along which progress has been made over the past 35 years. Research in this area has been increasingly characterized by the utilization of a greater variety of and more focused and better specified interventions, with increasingly homogenous samples of clients or patients, using methodologically more stringent approaches. The general consensus in the field is that psychotherapy is effective with younger age groups, as compared to no treatment. However, such a conclusion has to be qualified because of the dearth of studies on clinically referred youths, traditional therapies, and modes of treatment other than individual therapy. Several other issues also require further attention in research, including the need for more comprehensive or novel conceptualizations of juvenile-onset psychopathology to inform treatment efforts. Consideration also should be given to having parents more consistently involved in their children's therapy, integrating the developmental literature and the design of new interventions, and developing and testing therapies for youths with special needs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Association between family history of affective disorder and the depressive syndrome of Alzheimer's disease.

For each of 41 index patients with probable Alzheimer's disease and a first episode of major depression and 71 nondepressed Alzheimer's disease patients, two first-degree relatives were interviewed by a rater blind to presence or absence of depression in the proband. The depressed patients had significantly more first- and second-degree relatives with depression than did control subjects. The lifetime risk for major depression, adjusted for differences in age distribution, was significantly greater in first-degree relatives of index patients, suggesting that depression in Alzheimer's disease is genetically related to primary affective disorder. Alzheimer's disease may be useful for studying aspects of depressive pathophysiology.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Nuclear roundness factor measurement for assessment of prognosis of patients with prostatic carcinoma. I. Testing of a digitization system.

Standard pathological grading systems for prostatic carcinoma based upon glandular architectural pattern or nuclear anaplasia have failed to predict the prognosis of individual patients. Quantitative morphometric analysis of nuclear shape has predicted the outcome of patients with prostatic carcinoma when evaluated by some but not all reported studies. Calculation of nuclear roundness factor by different investigators was complicated by equipment differences and lack of standardized methods for acquiring and reporting data. We have improved our system for nuclear contour digitization and determined its theoretical limitations by digitizing standardized objects. Measurement errors were independent of orientation or location of an object within a microscopic or digitizer tablet field, speed of digitization and introduction of a microscope extension tube and light emitting diode cursor. Perimeters and areas of circles and squares of actual or digitizer-projected diameter or sidelength greater than five mm. were measured with a reproducibility and accuracy of greater than or equal to 90%. When a microscopic circle of diameter similar to prostatic carcinoma nuclei was digitized at a magnification of 2580 X, perimeter and area measurements differed within or between observers by less than 5% and were more than 95% accurate. In order to calculate accurately and evaluate NRF for use in assessing the prognosis of patients with prostatic carcinoma investigators must precisely describe their digitization system, standardization method and observer reproducibility and accuracy when measuring circles that approximate the projected size of prostatic carcinoma nuclei.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Nuclear roundness factor measurement for assessment of prognosis of patients with prostatic carcinoma. II. Standardization of methodology for histologic sections.

A nuclear shape descriptor, nuclear roundness factor, predicted outcome in patients with prostatic carcinoma whereas standard pathological grading by Gleason's architectural pattern did not. The inability of others to duplicate those successes warranted a reevaluation of the technique for NRF measurement. We previously described our digitization system and measured the perimeter and area of a microscopic circle similar in size to prostatic carcinoma nuclei with a reproducibility and accuracy of greater than 95%. We have applied our improved system to nuclear contour digitization and standardized our method for NRF measurement. In order to calculate accurately the NRF for prostatic carcinoma, the histologic section must have been reviewed by a pathologist and 150 nuclei traced after random selection. NRF measurement reproducibility within and between observers exceeded 90%. This system for NRF measurement successfully predicted outcome in 13 of 15 patients with stages A2, B1, and B2 prostatic carcinoma. Our success with a carefully tested and improved system for NRF determination warrants further evaluation of NRF for assessment of prognosis of patients with prostatic carcinoma.

Carcinoma↗