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W D MacInnes

Publications and source records attributed to W D MacInnes.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Order effects in the administration of the Booklet Category Test and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.

In order to evaluate the possibility of significant order effects, the Booklet Category Test and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were administered in counterbalanced order to 20 psychiatric patients, 36 neurological patients, and 30 healthy, elderly individuals. Administering the Booklet Category Test first improved scores on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, although not to a statistically significant degree. Unexpectedly administering the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test first resulted in poorer scores on the Booklet Category Test. The results are discussed in terms of future research and clinical implications.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Longitudinal changes in regional cerebral blood flow in a normal elderly group.

Only one published study to date has examined longitudinal age-changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in an elderly group. It found rCBF declined significantly in their elderly sample over a 24 to 42 month period. The current study attempts to cross-validate the earlier study's findings with an older normal elderly group and a longer time interval between rCBF studies. This study is consistent with that investigation. The normal elderly did exhibit significant declines in blood flow across a variety of indices including: gray and white matter and the Initial Slope Index. These declines were generally on the order of.50 to.75 of a standard deviation loss. No significant differences in blood flow decline between males and females were discerned. While the young-old did exhibit greater blood flow than the old-old there were no significant differences in the rate of decline between the two age-groups.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Preserved topographical memory following right temporal lobectomy.

In an attempt to study remote memory for visuospatial information, geographical knowledge was examined in patient J.N., who had received a radical right temporal lobectomy to remove a large glioblastoma. In postoperative tests J.N. displayed severe deficits in anterograde memory for visuospatial and verbal material, visuoperceptual functions, constructions, attention, and response initiation. Despite her global cognitive deficiencies she performed normally on the WAIS Information Scale and the Fargo Map Test, a measure of geographical knowledge. In contrast, patients known to have severe amnesia exhibited impairments on tests of geographical knowledge that required precise localization of features such as cities. Assuming that J.N.'s performance is typical of patients with extensive damage to the right temporal lobe, the findings suggest that the integrity of the right temporal lobe is not essential for the retrieval of premorbidly established visuospatial memories.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Longitudinal neuropsychological changes in a "normal" elderly group.

The need for age-related normative data on neuropsychological measures is clearly important. This longitudinal study examines a "normal" elderly group's performance on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) across four years. This report is based on the 59 "normal" elderly volunteers seen in an earlier cross-sectional aging study (MacInnes et al., 1983). The LNNB Clinical Scales exhibited few significant changes across the four year time period. The test-retest correlations of the LNNB Clinical Scales ranged from.32 to.81. Few differences between males and females were seen. Similarly, being in an older subgroup did not affect the rate of change on the LNNB scores. Although, health status changed very little over the four years, health status at Time 2 did significantly predict 16 of the 17 LNNB Clinical Scales at Time 2. In summary, we found the LNNB accurately identified the "normal" elderly as normal. Similarly, their performance on the LNNB exhibited little meaningful change across four years.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Aging, regional cerebral blood flow, and neuropsychological functioning.

Previous studies found changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) patterns related to both age and various cognitive tasks. However, no study has yet demonstrated a relationship between rCBF and performance on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) in an elderly group. Seventy-nine elderly volunteers (56-88 years old), both healthy and demented, underwent the 133xenon inhalation rCBF procedure and were given the LNNB. The decrements in the gray-matter blood flow paralleled decrements in performance on the LNNB. Using partial correlations, a significant proportion of shared variance was observed between gray-matter blood flow and the LNNB scales. However, there was much less of a relationship between white-matter blood flow and performance on the LNNB. This study suggests that even within a restricted age sample rCBF is related in a global way to neuropsychological functioning.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

The BPRS in assessing symptom correlates of cerebral ventricular enlargement in acute and chronic schizophrenia.

The present study was an attempt to investigate hypotheses about the interrelationship of brain dysfunction and symptoms of schizophrenia using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and a measure of cerebral ventricular size. The ventricular brain ratio (VBR) was correlated with admission and discharge scores on the BPRS in 46 schizophrenic patients. A significant relationship was found between VBR and discharge BPRS scores. In general, the results were partially supportive of relationships found between neuropsychological data and the BPRS in a previous study, but shed little light on the relationships between brain damage and negative and positive symptoms. Limitations of using the BPRS, as well as possible sampling variations, are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

A short-portable version of the Category Test.

This study validates the use of a shortened version of the booklet form of the Category Test developed by DeFillipis, McCampbell and Rogers (1979). In a sample of 85 subjects the estimated total score (using the Calsyn, O'Leary and Chaney (1980) regression equation) correlated 0.93 with the actual total error score. It was also found that the estimated score could reliably predict who would exceed the cutoff of 51 errors on the entire test with an overall accuracy of 86%. The results support the use of a brief booklet version of the Category Test.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Relationships between the Booklet Category Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.

This study compares total errors on the Booklet Form of the Category Test (DeFilippis, McCampbell & Rogers, 1979) with several scores of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Heaton, 1981). In a heterogeneous sample of 30 neurologically impaired patients and 31 normal individuals the two tests exhibited a maximum correlation of 0.52 when partialing out the effects of age and education. In addition, this study suggests that the two exhibit similar overall diagnostic hit rates; however, they differ in false negatives and false positives. These results bring into question the assumption that these two neuropsychological tests are interchangeable. A need to recognize the nature of the differences between the tests in their clinical applications and in future research is discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Aging and performance on the Luria-Nebraska neuropsychological battery.

The Luria-Nebraska Battery has been shown to be a valid measure of neuropsychological functioning in younger adults; however, little validity research with the elderly has been reported. Seventy-eight healthy elderly adults (mean age = 72.2 years) were tested with the Luria-Nebraska Battery and 92% of the profiles were found to be within normal limits. Significant age-related effects were also found on the Luria-Nebraska Battery. Similarly, the healthy elderly were divided into two age groups, young-old (60-74) and old-old (75+). Only the expressive speech and writing scales showed significant differences, and these were in the opposite direction one might expect, in that the old-old group performed significantly better. Additionally, the performance of 100 elderly brain damaged patients (mean age = 68 years) was examined and 86% of the profiles indicated the presence of brain damage. Overall, this study suggests that the Luria-Nebraska Battery may be a useful measure of neuropsychological functioning in elderly groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Neuropsychological performance in schizophrenics with histories of substance abuse.

Both schizophrenia and substance abuse have been associated with cerebral impairment, although the neuro psychological performance of schizophrenic patients with substance abuse histories has not been examined. In this study, the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery was administered to schizophrenic patients with or without histories of substance abuse. The study found that the schizophrenics without substance abuse histories showed evidence of cerebral dysfunction, while those schizophrenics with histories of substance abuse could not be differentiated from normal.

Adult↗