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Biomedical subjects

W D Turnipseed

Publications and source records attributed to W D Turnipseed.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Magnetic resonance angiography and duplex imaging: noninvasive tests for selecting symptomatic carotid endarterectomy candidates.

BACKGROUND: This report describes our experience with the use of duplex imaging and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in the diagnosis and management of 70 patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease. Prospective evaluation of our first 30 patients showed that duplex imaging and MRA accurately correlated with conventional cerebral arteriograms (XRA) in patients with symptoms with greater than 70% ipsilateral carotid artery stenoses. In MRA versus XRA accuracy was 94%, sensitivity 100%, and specificity 93%. With duplex scanning versus XRA accuracy was 88%, sensitivity 93%, and specificity 93%. METHODS: We are now performing carotid endarterectomy on patients with symptoms without preoperative XRA when there is exact correlation between duplex imaging and MRA. Patients must have focal hemispheric symptoms, ipsilateral duplex peak systolic velocity greater than 2 m/sec, and high-quality MRA imaging of the carotid vessels. RESULTS: We have prospectively entered 40 patients for preoperative evaluation with duplex imaging and MRA. High-quality MRA and duplex studies were obtained in 35 patients (88%). XRA was required in the remaining five patients (12%) because of discrepancies between duplex scanning and MRA. Endarterectomy was performed without morbidity or death. Combined use of duplex scanning and MRA eliminated XRA in 35 cases and created a net savings of more than $125,000. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that preoperative XRA may not be necessary when duplex imaging and MRA confirm the presence of severe extracranial disease.

Carotid Arteries↗
PubMed1992

A preliminary experience with use of magnetic resonance angiography in assessment of failing lower extremity bypass grafts.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the ability of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) to detect hemodynamic failure of lower extremity bypass grafts and questions whether conventional angiography is necessary for this purpose. METHODS: A prospective surveillance protocol with segmental plethysmography and color flow Doppler scanning has been used to detect hemodynamic graft failure in 110 patients with 120 lower extremity bypass grafts (90 vein, 30 polytetrafluoroethylene). Twenty (17%) bypass grafts fit the criteria for impending failure (drop in ankle/brachial index determination greater than or equal to 0.15; velocity less than 45 cm/sec; focal velocity two to three times mean graft flow). Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography and MRA studies were performed on all 20 grafts. RESULTS: Intraarterial digital subtraction angiograms showed graft occlusion in two grafts, severe native artery progression in three grafts, graft wall defects in six grafts, and anastomotic strictures in nine grafts. MRA results showed an exact correlation in 15 (75%) of 20 cases. False-positive tests occurred in four cases (20%), and false-negative tests occurred in one case (5%). Common reasons for interpretation error were metallic clips and field-of-view limitations. These problems are preventable. When MRA results were compared with color flow scan data, overall accuracy improved to 95%. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies suggest that MRA can be useful in graft surveillance and that the need for conventional angiography may be reduced in the future.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1992

Popliteal entrapment as a result of neurovascular compression by the soleus and plantaris muscles.

Intermittent claudication may occur in well-conditioned athletes because of an unusual form of popliteal artery entrapment that results from overtraining. These patients complain of calf muscle cramping, rapid limb fatigue, and occasional paresthesias on the plantar surface of the foot when running on inclines or when repetitive jumping is performed. Results of plethysmographic screening tests for popliteal entrapment are positive in these patients. Magnetic resonance angiography and intravenous digital subtraction angiography studies, however, do not demonstrate findings typical of anatomic popliteal entrapment. No evidence exists of aberrant positioning of the popliteal artery in foot neutral positioning, but with forced plantar flexion, the neurovascular bundle is deviated and compressed laterally. Surgical exploration of the popliteal fossa demonstrates no obvious musculotendinous abnormality. Symptoms of claudication and arterial compression are relieved by surgical release of the soleus muscle from its tibial attachments, resection of its fascial band, and resection of the plantaris muscle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Lower extremity percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: multifactorial analysis of morbidity and mortality.

We analyzed the outcome of 202 percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) procedures performed between 1983 and 1989 to quantitate procedural risks and define factors associated with suboptimal results or immediate clinical failure. Premorbid factors studied included age, sex, treatment of single versus multiple lesions, stenoses versus occlusions, premorbid status of the limb (claudication vs limb threat), and most distal level of PTA. Adverse outcomes included complications (hematoma, acute occlusion, or thrombosis of PTA site, distal embolization, failure to dilate or cross, arterial dissection, rupture, and significant systemic derangement), major amputations (below knee and above knee), and deaths. There were 66 complications (32.7%), 22 amputations (10.9%), and 12 deaths (5.9%) in our series. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the major predictive variable for the occurrence of a complication (p = 0.002), and the only predictive variable for the outcomes of amputation and death (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0139, respectively), was the premorbid clinical status of the limb. Lower extremity PTA is not an intrinsically benign procedure and is associated with a significant risk of complication, amputation, and procedure-associated death. These adverse outcomes cluster in patients with limb threat. Therefore it may be reasonable to restrict the use of PTA to patients with claudication and strictly selected cases of limb threat.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Rotational muscle flaps: a new technique for covering infected vascular grafts.

Twenty-one patients with established localized infection of vascular bypass grafts were treated with aggressive debridement and rotational muscle flap coverage to control graft infection. There were six gram-positive, six gram-negative, four mixed, and three fungal graft infections. Graft material included Dacron, Gore-Tex (registered trademark of W. L. Gore Associates Inc., Elkton, Md.), Dacron and Gore-Tex in combination, and saphenous vein. Twenty of 21 patients had successful preservation of graft function, local wound healing, and control of infection. There were no amputations or deaths. The one failure was caused by incomplete debridement of an infected graft segment. Aggressive debridement and rotational muscle flap coverage is an effective means of treating locally infected vascular bypass grafts.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Coverage of acute vascular injuries of the axilla and groin with transposition muscle flaps: case reports.

Acute axillary or groin vascular injuries caused by farm machinery or shotgun blasts are often associated with extensive soft-tissue loss. Coverage of the repaired blood vessels with healthy tissue is necessary to avoid infection, desiccation, pseudoaneurysm, and rupture. Adjacent muscles are not always available to rotate for coverage, due to unacceptable functional loss, or injury to the principal vascular pedicle. We used proximally based trunk musculature with vascular pedicles out of the areas of injury to achieve coverage of four extensive axillary wounds and one extensive groin wound. Arterial repair only was performed in three axillary wounds. Combined arterial and venous repair were performed in one groin wound and one axillary wound. Followup ranging from 9 months to 5 years revealed no vascular failure or soft-tissue complications. We conclude that coverage of vascular repairs and soft-tissue defects with viable muscle is necessary in cases of extensive injury. Adjacent muscle is preferred for coverage, but when this is unavailable, coverage can still be achieved using more proximally pedicled muscles of the trunk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Noninvasive testing of cerebral perfusion reserve prior to coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Cerebral perfusion reserve testing using fluorine-18-fluoromethane and positron emission tomographic brain scanning to define cerebral blood flow abnormalities was performed in 5 patients being considered for combined coronary and carotid reconstructive surgery. Blood flow testing during normocapnia and following hypercapnia was utilized in these patients to determine the hemodynamic significance of known extracranial carotid artery occlusive lesions. Reserve diminution in 2 of these patients prompted combined surgery, whereas normal reserve values in the other 3 prompted coronary surgery alone. Results obtained in this preliminary series show how preoperative noninvasive testing of cerebral perfusion reserve adds to the diagnostic evaluation of patients with widespread vascular disease.

Brain↗
PubMed1986

Lymphatic disruption following abdominal aortic surgery.

Two cases of abdominal lymphatic disruption following surgery on the abdominal aorta are presented, one causing chylous ascites and the other resulting in a lymphocele. These complications have been only rarely described following abdominal vascular surgery. Both patients responded to percutaneous aspiration without recurrence. The radiologist has a major role in both the detection and management of this complication.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Percutaneous aspiration thromboembolectomy (PAT): an alternative to surgical balloon techniques for clot retrieval.

Percutaneous aspiration thromboembolectomy (PAT) is an angiographic technique that can be used to remove thromboembolic debris from the distal lower extremity circulation. This procedure employs a specially designed catheter-sheath system, which can be used alone or in combination with balloon angioplasty or thrombolytic drugs (streptokinase 10,000 U/hr or urokinase 100,000 U/hr for 6 hours) to remove thromboembolic material. PAT is best suited for treating iatrogenic emboli resulting from intra-arterial catheterization or balloon angioplasty but can be used as a supplement to Fogarty embolectomy when retained distal clot cannot be retrieved by surgical means and for removal of primary distal emboli of peripheral vascular or cardiac origin. PAT was used in 42 patients with acute threatening limb ischemia. Successful clot retrieval and limb salvage were achieved in 40 of the 42 patients (95%). The major complication was groin hematoma (7 of 42 patients, 17%) and one death occurred as a result of myocardial infarction (2.4%). PAT enhances the therapeutic role of angiography and can be used as an alternative to surgical embolectomy in selected patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The diagnostic interface between noninvasive cerebral vascular testing and digital arteriography.

Two hundred forty patients with signs and symptoms of cerebrovascular disease were evaluated by digital and/or standard arteriography. One hundred twenty symptomatic patients had intravenous digital arteriography (IVDSA) done as the initial diagnostic study. Twenty-five percent (30 patients) had inadequate intravenous examinations and required additional intra-arterial studies. Twenty-seven of the 30 supplemental arteriograms (90%) demonstrated clinically significant disease. The remaining 120 patients (30 asymptomatic, 90 symptomatic) had preangiographic screening with continuous-wave Doppler and spectral analysis. Forty-eight (40%) patients had hemodynamically severe lesions and 72 (60%) had moderate stenosis or arterial wall disease. IVDSA was performed when critical disease was present and intra-arterial arteriography (80% digital and 20% standard) was done when mild or moderate disease was found. The use of digital techniques on the basis of results of preangiographic noninvasive testing improved the diagnostic accuracy of IVDSA and reduced the incidence of inadequate studies to 6%. Intra-arterial digital angiography (IADSA) was advantageous in reducing costs and patient risks when IVDSA was inappropriate.

Angiography↗
PubMed1985

Postoperative surveillance. An effective means of detecting correctable lesions that threaten graft patency.

Thirteen patients with recurrent ischemia following previous vascular surgery and 13 patients with primary ischemia were prospectively evaluated with segmental Doppler pressure indices and selective intravenous digital subtraction angiography. Ten patients with recurrent postoperative ischemia had thrombosed bypasses, and three had stenosed but patent grafts. Eight (62%) of the 13 patients had successful vascular repair, the rest had amputations. All patients with previous vascular surgery and those with primary bypasses were prospectively followed up with segmental Doppler pressure indices. Falling segmental Doppler pressure index values occurred in eight patients and in six patients prior to onset of recurrent ischemia. Intravenous digital subtraction angiography demonstrated correctable stenotic lesions in the six asymptomatic patients and untreatable host vessel occlusion in two symptomatic patients. Corrective surgery successfully preserved patency of all stenosed grafts. In summary, postoperative surveillance can detect occlusive changes before recurrent symptoms occur. Repair of stenosed grafts is more successful than repair of occluded grafts.

Angiography↗
PubMed1985

In situ distal saphenous vein bypass using the intraluminal valve-disruption technique.

In the last few years there has been a resurgence of interest in in situ saphenous vein bypass for lower extremity revascularization because of improved patency rates. We performed 28 in situ bypass operations in 26 patients with threatened limbs using the intraluminal Hall valve disrupter. Seventy-five percent of these bypasses were to tibial vessels and had a 93% early patency rate. Three late failures were salvaged before thrombosis of the bypass, resulting in a cumulative patency rate of 93% with a mean follow-up of 17 months. In situ saphenous vein bypass has become our procedure of choice for distal reconstruction in severely ischemic limbs because of improved long-term patency compared with reversed-saphenous vein bypass.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Applications of digital subtraction angiography in cardiovascular diagnosis.

Both intravenous and intra-arterial DSA have widespread applications in the field of cardiovascular diagnosis. The definition of carotid artery stenosis or severe peripheral vascular disease in the patient undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery might dictate the need for simultaneous carotid and coronary artery surgery or demonstrate the best route for insertion of an intra-aortic balloon. DSA also might find further application in the definition of thoracic aortic dissection, thoracic aortic trauma, and coarctation of the thoracic aorta, as well as in showing the adequacy of repair of thoracic coarctation in patients who remain hypertensive postoperatively. Left ventricular imaging using intravenous or intraventricular injections of contrast material provides an accurate method of calculating ejection fraction and an excellent picture of left ventricular wall motion. In addition, because smaller amounts of contrast material may be used for intraventricular infections, patients with renal failure or severe impairment of the left ventricle might fare better with the reduced contrast load. Multiple ventriculograms can be performed following interventions such as pacing or exercise to allow a more adequate definition of left ventricular performance. Intravenous DSA still has not achieved satisfactory visualization of the coronary arteries or coronary artery bypass grafts. However, aortic root injections of contrast material can provide adequate definition of these structures and has been recommended as a screening technique for coronary disease in patients undergoing arteriography for other vascular disease. Current work on the development of DSA techniques for the quantitation of coronary artery blood flow and myocardial perfusion is quite promising. Accurate, reproducible measurement of coronary artery blood flow, patterns of myocardial perfusion, and areas of myocardium supplied by specific coronary vessels with obstructions may soon provide physiologic information about anatomically defined coronary artery disease. A variety of congenital heart defects have been defined by intravenous DSA. Shunt lesions such as atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, and patent ductus arteriosus have been defined anatomically, and the severity of their shunts has been estimated by placing windows of interest over the various cardiac chambers. It is possible that certain congenital malformations might be studied adequately by intravenous DSA, eliminating the need for cardiac catheterization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Angiography↗
PubMed1985

Percutaneous aspiration thromboembolectomy.

Percutaneous aspiration thromboembolectomy (PAT) was used as an angioplastic tool to remove from arteries of the lower limbs thromboembolitic material originating from any source. PAT was performed with a custom-designed catheter/sheath system, alone or in combination with balloon dilatation and/or local lytic infusion therapy with streptokinase or urokinase. PAT completed the restoration of blood flow, thus improving the results of the preceding angioplastic interventions. Clinical improvement was high, with 93% success (42 of 45 procedures). Only one below-the-knee amputation occurred, and could not be prevented. No patient became worse because of PAT intervention. The Fogarty catheter technique remains the method of choice for removing emboli within the aorto-iliac region, but in the smaller vessels below the inguinal ligament-especially in the distal superficial femoral, popliteal, and tibial regions--in our experience PAT is superior. This has been substantiated also in studies of laboratory animals, using barium-impregnated emboli.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Graft-enteric erosion in patients with retained defunctionalized aortic prostheses: a report of two cases.

Two patients who underwent "redo" aortic graft replacement in which the original thrombosed graft was oversewn but not removed subsequently developed graft-enteric erosions that involved the oversewn graft. Each patient underwent successful removal of all intraabdominal graft material, oversewing of the aortic stump and extraanatomical bypass. These cases emphasize the need to remove any defunctionalized graft material and to cover all new and retained graft with soft tissue at the time of aortic graft reoperation if graft-enteric erosion is to be avoided.

Aortic Valve↗