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Biomedical subjects

W E Bacon

Publications and source records attributed to W E Bacon.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Occurrence of hip fractures and socioeconomic position.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine hip fracture incidence in the older U.S. White population as a function of their socioeconomic position. METHODS: A sample of 5,161 White, hip fracture cases, 50 years and older, was selected using data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey for 1989-91. Median annual household income by ZIP Code of residence based on the 1990 Census was used as the measure of socioeconomic position. Fracture rates were calculated by age, sex, and income groups ranging from under $20,000 to $40,000 and more. RESULTS: A weighted, least squares analysis found a significant linear decrease in rates with increasing income after controlling for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that hip fracture incidence varies as a function of the income level of the ZIP Code area where the population resides. Implications for targeting prevention programs within local areas with low median income are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

International comparison of hip fracture rates in 1988-89.

A comparison of hip fracture rates among nine countries (Canada, Chile, Finland, Hong Kong, Scotland, Sweden, Switzerland, the United States and Venezuela) was made using national hospital discharge data for the same time interval. The rates increased by age and were higher for females than males in all nine countries. When based on overall discharge rates, the incidence of hip fracture appeared high in three European countries (Finland, Scotland and Sweden) relative to the other countries. However, when transfer cases were removed and adjustments made for differences in case definition, the risk of hip fracture for both men and women was much similar among the four European and two North American countries, but higher than in Hong Kong. Rates of fracture were lowest in Venezuela and Chile, varying from three to 11 times less than for residents of the other seven countries. Although there are limitations in using hospital discharge data as a measure of incidence, the wide variation in the risk of hip fracture across the nine countries appears real but differences between North American and north European countries may not be as great as previously reported. Such cross-national comparisons may help clarify different etiologic hypotheses.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Secular trends in hip fracture occurrence and survival: age and sex differences.

The National Hospital Discharge Survey was used to analyze secular trends from 1965 to 1993 in hip fracture incidence and in-hospital survival in the White U.S. population 50 years of age and older. Age-specific fracture rates increased significantly for males in age groups 80-84 years and 85 years and older but not for younger males. For females, age-specific rates did not change significantly over the time period. Age-specific survival rates increased for both older males and females, but the increase was greatest for the older men. Why hip fracture incidence is increasing in older males but not in females and younger males is not clear. But the high lifetime prevalence of smoking in the older cohort of males may be a factor. With rising incidence rates in elderly males, prevention efforts, which have focused primarily on women because of their high fracture rates, should target both sexes.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

The burden and outcomes associated with dehydration among US elderly, 1991.

OBJECTIVES: Dehydration has been underappreciated as a cause of hospitalization and increased hospital-associated mortality in older people. This study used national data to analyze the burden and outcomes following hospitalizations with dehydration in the elderly. METHODS: Data from 1991 Medicare files were used to calculate rates of hospitalization with dehydration, to examine demographic characteristics and concomitant diagnoses associated with dehydration, and to analyze the contribution of dehydration to mortality. RESULTS: In 1991, 6.7% (731,695) of Medicare hospitalizations had dehydration listed as one of the five reported diagnoses, a rate of 236.2/10,000 elderly Medicare beneficiaries. In 1991, Medicare reimbursed over $446 million for hospitalizations with dehydration as the principal diagnosis. Older people, men, and Blacks had elevated risks for hospitalization with dehydration. Acute infections, such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections, were frequent concomitant diagnoses. About 50% of elderly Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with dehydration died within a year of admission. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalization of elderly people with dehydration is a serious and costly medical problem. Attention should be focused on understanding predisposing factors and devising strategies for prevention.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Hip fracture rates in Hong Kong and the United States, 1988 through 1989.

OBJECTIVES: Prior studies have suggested that hip fracture rates are substantially lower in Asian countries than in the United States. However, comparisons have been limited by unavailability of recent data, differences in case definition, lack of data from similar time periods, and small sample sizes. This study sought to examine trends by age and sex, with separate statistics for those aged 85 or older. METHODS: Hospital discharge data were used to obtain hip fracture incidence in Hong Kong and the United States from 1988 through 1989. RESULTS: Within each population, women had higher hip fracture rates than men. Fracture rates in the United States were significantly higher for both sexes than rates in Hong Kong. For persons over the age of 80, rates of hip fracture among White US males exceeded those for Hong Kong women. Inclusion of transferred cases in hip fracture rates minimized differences between the countries. CONCLUSIONS: Despite increasing hip fracture rates in Hong Kong, those rates are still substantially lower than the rates in the United States. Identifying factors responsible for this variation may prove useful in the search for preventive strategies.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Geographic variation in the occurrence of hip fractures among the elderly white US population.

Geographic variations in hip fracture rates across the nine US Census Divisions were examined using data for elderly Whites from the 1979-85 National Hospital Discharge Survey. Rates varied considerably and were highest in the West North Central Division where rates for females were 50 percent higher than the US rate. Reasons for the geographic variations in hip fracture rates are unknown but do not appear to be closely related to latitude or fall-related deaths.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Hospital use in Poland and the United States.

This report presents national statistics on hospital use from the U.S. National Hospital Discharge Survey and the Polish General Hospital Morbidity Study. Comparisons are made of discharge rates, average lengths of stay, rates of patient care days, and fatality rates by sex, age, and diagnostic category. The similarities and differences between the two countries in population characteristics, health status, health services systems, and health care resources are also described.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Hospital use by the elderly in Poland and the United States.

Hospital use by elderly patients in Poland and the United States was compared using data from the 1980 General Hospital Morbidity Study (Poland) and the National Hospital Discharge Survey (US). Discharge and days-of-care rates were higher in the US but average lengths of stay were longer in Poland. All three measures increased with advancing age in the US but remained relatively constant or decreased with age in Poland. Although the most frequent causes of hospitalization were similar in the two countries, the characteristic use patterns across age were evident for most frequently occurring disease conditions. The greater use of hospitals in the US is not associated with marked differences between the two countries in health status of the elderly.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

National health care surveys and health care management. Examples from the National Center for Health Statistics.

The bulk of medical care in the United States is provided in hospitals, physicians' offices, and nursing homes. The National Center for Health Statistics conducts three health record surveys that collect information on patient and provider characteristics and the services provided in these three settings. This paper describes each of these three surveys in terms of background (scope and data set), design, collection, processing procedures, and data dissemination. In addition, specific examples of how the survey data have been or can be used for management purposes in terms of monitoring, evaluating, and planning the utilization of health care in the United States are given.

Ambulatory Care↗