Biomedical subjects

W E Clark

Publications and source records attributed to W E Clark.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Blood gas and catecholamine levels in capture stressed desert bighorn sheep.

Forty-seven bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) were captured within a 3-day period in December, 1989 as part of a California Department of Fish and Game effort to repopulate historic ranges in California. They were captured on the Mojave Desert in the Kelso Mountains near Old Dad Peak, San Bernardino County, California. Venous blood gases measured at the site of capture demonstrated a severe metabolic acidosis (base deficit, 23 mEq/liter), with no evidence of respiratory acidosis. There were moderately elevated plasma epinephrine (1.25 ng/ml), norepinephrine (2.60 ng/ml), and dopamine (114 pg/ml) levels. These data appear to reflect animals that have been moderately stressed. These acid-base-catecholamine values differ from values in resting domestic sheep, and are similar to those reported in greyhounds after brief strenuous exercise.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗

PubMed1991

Adrenoneuropathy: characteristic gross findings and association with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and accelerated atherosclerosis.

New understanding in the pathogenesis of adrenoneuropathy (ANP), formerly called adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and adrenomyeloneuropathy (AML), has led to greater awareness of the disease with resultant increase in the number of new cases being diagnosed. We report adrenoneuropathy in two siblings, one of whom had associated affective symptoms and died undiagnosed in prison. The other sibling died at the age of eight with severe cerebral demyelination. Affective symptoms have been described in ANP, but the association of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and accelerated atherosclerosis in this case is unique. We would like to stress the characteristic gross appearance of the adrenals in ANP that may help in identifying undiagnosed cases of adrenoneuropathy in surgical and autopsy specimens. Genetic counseling and family-pedigree analysis with diet restriction and diet therapy will be invaluable in such cases.

Adrenal Glands↗

PubMed1991

Disaster management. Organizations and academic perspective.

The world has to cope with the results of an increasing number of disasters. If the planning and preparation for these disasters are to be effective, then national and international organizations are necessary to integrate the sources of advice and relief. Studies of disaster management have consistently highlighted coordination of resources as an essential element of effective response. These organizations, both governmental and voluntary, aim to do just that, and awareness of them and their work will add support.

Aircraft↗

PubMed1988

Marijuana and alcohol use among 1023 trauma patients. A prospective study.

Marijuana use prior to injury was determined prospectively in 1023 patients injured as the result of vehicular (67.6%) and nonvehicular (32.4%) trauma. Most were men (72.8%); most were 30 years of age or younger (58.4%). All were admitted directly from the scene of injury. Serum delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol activity was ascertained using a radioimmunoassay. Activity of 2 ng/mL or more was detected in 34.7% of subjects. Blood alcohol determinations were made in 1006 patients; 33.5% were positive. Marijuana use among vehicular and nonvehicular trauma victims was not significantly different. Marijuana use was higher among those 30 years of age or younger and among men. Vehicular crash victims consumed alcohol more frequently. Use of marijuana and alcohol in combination (16.5%) was highly significant compared with marijuana alone (18.3%), alcohol alone (16.1%), or neither drug (49.1%).

Accidents↗

PubMed1988

Negative findings on fine-needle aspiration biopsy of solid breast masses: patient management.

A series of 245 fine-needle aspirations of solid breast masses has been reviewed. Seven aspirations were reported as unsatisfactory, 178 revealed benign masses, 7 were indeterminate, and 53 revealed malignancy. Fifty-two of 53 masses diagnosed on aspiration as malignant were confirmed by surgical biopsy (98 percent sensitivity). Open biopsy was carried out on 50 of 178 masses reported as negative on needle biopsy and benign masses were revealed in 46 cases (92 percent specificity). The remaining 128 masses with negative findings were observed and follow-up of 101 patients obtained. Cancer did not develop in any of these patients. Careful physical examination and mammography can predict if a breast mass is malignant or benign in 85 to 90 percent of patients. If fine-needle aspiration biopsy is added and performed by physicians and cytopathologists experienced in the technique, additional information is obtained which allows greater diagnostic accuracy and may eliminate many breast biopsies.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed1985