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Biomedical subjects

W E Johnson

Publications and source records attributed to W E Johnson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Clients/patients with a principal diagnosis of affective disorder served in the inpatient, outpatient, and partial care programs of specialty mental health organizations, United States, 1986.

Of the 1.7 million persons under care on April 1, 1986 in the psychiatric inpatient, outpatient, and partial care programs of specialty mental health organizations nationwide, approximately 365,500 persons, or 22 percent, had a principal diagnosis of affective disorder. The vast majority of these persons, 84 percent, were under care in outpatient programs; 10 percent, in inpatient programs; and 6 percent, in partial care programs. Approximately 833,000, or 21 percent, of the 3.9 million persons admitted during 1986 to these same psychiatric programs had a diagnosis of affective disorder. Fifty-nine percent of persons with affective disorders were admitted to inpatient programs; 37 percent, to outpatient programs; and 4 percent, to partial care programs. Overall, most persons with affective disorders admitted to and under care in each of the three program types were female, white, and between the ages of 25 and 64. Most persons admitted to and under care in inpatient and partial care programs had a history of prior inpatient mental health care, while most persons in outpatient programs had never been treated in an inpatient psychiatric care setting. The principal source of payment used by persons with affective disorders varied by type of program setting. Blue Cross or other commercial insurance was the most common source of payment used by persons within inpatient programs, personal resources were used most often by persons under care in outpatient programs, and some type of public funds was used most often within partial care programs. Most persons with affective disorders were referred to inpatient and outpatient programs by family or friends, or were self-referrals. Most persons in partial care programs with affective disorders were referred to the program by an inpatient, outpatient, or another partial care mental health service. Services received by persons with affective disorders also varied by program setting. In general, drug and individual therapy were the leading types of treatment provided in inpatient programs. Individual therapy was the leading type of treatment provided, followed by drug therapy, in outpatient programs. Within partial care programs, no single type of treatment predominated.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Solid-phase extraction of pesticides from water: possible interferences from dissolved organic material.

A multiresidue analysis for trifluralin, simazine, atrazine, propazine, diazinon, parathion-methyl, alachlor, malathion, parathion, chlorpyrifos, pendimethalin, methidathion, and DEF in water that utilizes liquid-solid extraction (LSE) with octadecyl-bonded silica cartridges (C18BSCs) followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis was developed. Recoveries of most pesticides were greater than 80% with C18BSCs from fortified water at concentration levels from about 1 to 500 ppb. Recoveries with C18BSCs, from an optically adjusted humic acid solution (10 ppm dissolved organic carbon) made to simulate a natural water with a high dissolved organic content, ranged from 29 to 153% and in general were lower than recoveries obtained from pure water. 14C-Labeled diazinon and parathion were recovered from the humic acid solution at levels of 57 and 68%, respectively, with C18BSCs; the remainder of the labeled pesticides was found in the cartridge eluents. Partition coefficients with human acid were calculated based on recovery of 14C-labeled pesticides from the C18BSCs.

Indicators and Reagents↗
PubMed1990

Stylized chromosome images.

Stylized chromosome images 1) serve as a format to test effects of preprocessing algorithms used in automated karyotyping; 2) enhance the ability of humans to perform quantitative analysis of chromosomal aberrations; 3) provide an alternative format for karyotype hard copies produced by automated systems. Stylized chromosomes are two-dimensional computer-generated images based on information extracted from one-dimensional width and density profiles. These profiles correspond to what cytogeneticists observe through the microscope as the shape and banding patterns of stained chromosomes. Stylized presentation sharpens chromosome band boundaries and perimeters, reduces "noise," and enhances gray level variations, which are difficult to distinguish by humans on photographic or computer generated karyotypes. Karyotyping accuracy using stylized images was used to detect difficult areas for automated chromosome identification. Landmark bands sufficient to classify chromosomes were identified; shapes of chromosomes reflected in width profiles were said to aid classification. A two-step automated karyotyping strategy proposed is: 1) classify chromosomes by landmarks, minimum information needed for identification; 2) subsequently employ the full banding pattern with maximum resolution to detect aberrations. Stylized images of abnormal chromosomes have potential for testing hypothesis regarding breakpoints and quantitative analysis, but improvements are needed in homologue normalization and definition of termini of chromosomes.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1989

Murder and assault arrests of White House cases: clinical and demographic correlates of violence subsequent to civil commitment.

The authors studied arrest records and clinical data on 217 persons formerly hospitalized as "White House Cases" because they were psychotically preoccupied with prominent political figures. Prior arrest for violent crime was the variable most strongly associated with arrest for violent crime after hospital discharge. Male gender and a history of weapons possession were also correlated with future violence. For those with prior violent crime arrests, hospital incidents requiring seclusion were also associated with later violence. For those without prior arrests, subsequent violence was associated with threats, living outside Washington, and command hallucinations. For those previously arrested for nonviolent crimes, only persecutory delusions were associated with later violence.

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
PubMed1988

Violent crime arrests and paranoid schizophrenia: the White House case studies.

We have previously reported on typically paranoid schizophrenic patients who attempted to see the President or other prominent American political figures based on hallucinations or delusional beliefs. By obtaining arrest records on these White House Cases (WHCs), we were able to determine which individuals had murder or assault arrests before and/or after their WHC hospitalizations. During the 9-12 years following discharge, 31 of the 217 male WHCs (for whom adequate clinical records were available) had murder or assault arrests. Demographic characteristics such as prior violent crime arrest and male gender proved to be much better predictors of future violence than clinical symptom, history, or behavior items. Hospital incidents requiring seclusion and a history of weapons possession were both associated with later violence in WHCs with prior violent crime arrests, while certain clinical symptoms (e.g., persecutory delusions and command hallucinations) may be linked to future violence in WHCs without prior violent crime arrests. These data need replication in other patient samples.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1988

Sex chromosome aneuploidy and Bardet-Biedl syndrome.

The inheritance of Bardet-Biedl syndrome is thought to be autosomal recessive. Of the approximately 500 case reports in the literature, three patients were found to have sex chromosome aneuploidy. The authors describe two siblings with Bardet-Biedl syndrome, one of whom has a unique sex chromosome aneuploidy with mosaicism, including deletion of the short arm of the X chromosome (45,X/46,X,del(X)(p21)). The possible significance of sex chromosome aneuploidy and the Bardet-Biedl syndrome is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The isolation of spiroplasmas from mosquitoes in Macon County, Alabama.

During the summer months of 1985, 1,298 adult mosquitoes comprising 21 species and 7 genera were collected in Macon County, Alabama. Mosquitoes were collected from four sections of the county with CO2-baited light traps. Spiroplasma cultures were isolated from two pools of 24 and 25 Aedes fulvus pallens, one pool of 22 Anopheles punctipennis and one pool of 7 Culex nigripalpus. Electron microscopic studies of the isolates revealed helical, wall-less cells.

Alabama↗
PubMed1986

Delay of nomifensine-induced seizures by fusaric acid, alpha-methyltyrosine and haloperidol.

An In Vivo model is presented to determine the effects of alpha methyl-para-tyrosine methyl ester (MPT), fusaric acid (FA), and haloperidol on nomifensine-induced seizures. All three drugs were active with haloperidol having the greatest effect on delay of onset to convulsion. The results suggest that both dopamine and norepinephrine are involved in nomifensive-induced convulsions and that administering agents known to lower both dopamine and/or norepinepherine in the rat brain delays onset but that haloperidol, which specifically blocks post-synaptic dopamine receptors, had the greatest activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

alpha-Fetoprotein: relationship between maternal serum and amniotic fluid levels.

Levels of alpha-fetoprotein were determined in 297 paired samples of maternal serum and amniotic fluid from patients with normal pregnancies at 16 to 17 completed weeks of gestation. Gestational ages were determined by menstrual history and ultrasonography, and the assays for alpha-fetoprotein were performed by a single reference laboratory. The results of the study failed to demonstrate any statistical relationship between the concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein in these two fluid compartments (r = 0.006). This finding was confirmed when the results at 16 and 17 weeks were analyzed individually. These findings indicate that amniotic fluid levels of alpha-fetoprotein cannot be predicted by those levels determined in maternal serum, and that simple diffusion is an inadequate explanation for the transfer of alpha-fetoprotein from amniotic fluid to maternal serum. The lack of correlation also emphasizes that the sensitivity and specificity of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening for neural tube defects must continue to be based upon the detection rates in large population studies and the determination of "normal" values by reference laboratories.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effects of certain CNS depressants and verapamil on cGMP in the cerebellum of rats.

The influence, individually and in combination, of certain general CNS depressants, Ca+2, A23187, and verapamil on rat cerebellar cGMP was studied. When Ca+2 was given to rats treated with ethanol, ether, or pentobarbital a minor increase in cGMP resulted. However, A23187 alone, or with Ca+2 did not produce a rise in cGMP levels in the presence of those drugs. A similar effect was seen with verapamil. Increasing doses of pentobarbital with verapamil enhanced the inhibition of cGMP.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Duplication 6q syndrome.

Duplication (partial trisomy) of the long arm of chromosome 6 has been described in 5 children [Robertson et al, 1975, Chen et al, 1976, Clark, 1977]. We wish to report here an additional case due to a familial translocation in which the proband's karyotype is 46,XX,der(3),rcp(3;6)(p25;q21)mat. The phenotypes of the 6 children with duplication 6q are strikingly similar. Each child has duplication involving approximately the distal 1/3 to 1/2 of the long arm of chromosome 6. Distinctive features present in all 6 children include microcephaly, acrocephaly, prominent forehead, flat facial profile, depressed nasal bridge, flat malar areas, "carp" mouth, micrognathia and mental retardation. The phenotype of the duplication 6q syndrome is distinctive enough to be clinically recognizable.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

Effect of calcium concentration, isoproterenol, and McN-2165 on fetal rat heart rate and cyclic AMP level.

The fetal rat heart in organ culture was used to study the interaction of calcium with the cardioactive agents. McN-2165 is an agent that produces negative chronotropism and elevation in cyclic AMP levels in this preparation. A concentration of 2.76 mM calcium ion antagonized the negative chronotropic action and prevented the cyclic AMP elevation produced by this agent. Positive chronotropic actions of isoproterenol were prevented by decreasing the calcium level below 1.84 mM.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Negative chronotropic action of cyclic AMP on the fetal rat heart in organ culture.

Dibutyryl cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP in a DMSO medium were administered to the fetal rat heart in organ culture. Changes in heart rate were observed. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP in concentrations of 5 X 10(-5) M and 1 X 10(-4) M produced significant negative chronotropism. At a concentration of 1 X 10(-3) M, cyclic AMP in a 3% or 0.5% DMSO medium produced significant negative chronotropism. These data were compared with other studies. The negative chronotropic action of cyclic AMP and its dibutyryl derivative are evidence against the involvement of cyclic AMP in positive cardiac chronotropism.

Animals↗