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Biomedical subjects

W E Roediger

Publications and source records attributed to W E Roediger.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Preserving the ascending colon as an alternative surgical option in ulcerative colitis.

Six patients with ulcerative colitis were studied to assess the histologic appearance of the ascending colon which was preserved at the initial operation performed more than ten years previous. Inflammatory cells were increased in all patients, but ulceration was not present microscopically. Most patients had less than five bowel movements a day. Because of good long term survival of the mucosa, wider use of a surgical approach is proposed, based upon excising the colonic mucosa most prone to ulceration and metabolic derangement. The procedure entails subtotal colectomy, mucosectomy of the rectal mucosa and preservation of the ascending colon as a neorectum. Prime advantages are the lack of a stoma and fewer bowel movements than result from other operations.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Utilization of nutrients by isolated epithelial cells of the rat colon.

Isolated suspensions of colonocytes from the rat were used to assess utilization, interaction, and fate of metabolic substrates normally obtained from colonic bacteria (acetate, propionate, butyrate) or derived from the blood circulation to the colonic mucosa (D-glucose, acetoacetate, L-glutamine). The short-chain fatty acid n-butyrate (10 mM), on its own, accounted for 86% of the total oxygen consumption and suppressed oxidation of endogenous fuel by 82%. Ths value was not altered by the addition of acetoacetate (5 mM), of L-glutamine (5 mM), or of D-glucose (10 mM). Activation of short-chain fatty acids by colonocytes proceeded in the order of butyrate greater than acetate greater than propionate. D-Glucose on its own accounted for 30% of the oxygen consumption by colonocytes and hardly suppressed utilization of endogenous fuels. Colonocytes utilized ketone bodies (acetoacetate) and produced them (acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate) from short-chain fatty acids. Considering the interaction of substrates, isolated colonic epithelial cells utilized respiratory fuels in the preferential order of butyrate greater than acetoacetate greater than glutamine greater than glucose. The high rate of CO2 production from butyrate should be a worthwhile means of examining the functional activity of the colonic mucosa clinically and in vivo.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1981

Effect of short-chaim fatty acid on sodium absorption in isolated human colon perfused through the vascular bed.

A method of perfusing the isolated human colon in vitro was developed to study the effect of the short-chain fatty acid n-butyrate on sodium absorption under controlled conditions. The isolated colon was viable in vitro provided that ischemia to the colon prior to perfusion was less than 40 min. Viability was judged on glucose utilization, mucosal potential difference, an sodium absorption. Sodium absorption from the lumen was observed either with or without 20 mM n-butyrate. In a control group sodium absorption (nmol/min/cm2 /+- SEM) was 320 /+- 10 (four perfusions, nine observation intervals) and potassium secretion 26 /+- 3 (four perfusions, nine observation intervals). With 20 mM n-butyrate sodium absorption was 1960 /+- 480 (four perfusions, ten observation intervals) (P less than 0.0025). Potassium secretion was 72 /+- 2 (four perfusions, ten observation intervals) and (P less than 0.025). Butyrate absorption was 254 /+- 60 (four perfusions, ten observation intervals) and correlated linearly with the unidirectional flux (Jm leads to S) of sodium (linear coefficient of 0.714, P = less than 0.001). These results suggest that the presence of bacterial short-chain fatty acids may determine the efficiency of sodium absorption in the colon and also indicate that an absence of short-chain fatty acids in the colon could be one factor leading to diminished sodium absorption in the colon of man.

Absorption↗
PubMed1980

The colonic epithelium in ulcerative colitis: an energy-deficiency disease?

Suspensions of colonocytes (isolated colonic epithelial cells) were prepared from mucosa of the descending colon from 6 patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis (UC), 4 with acute UC, and 7 control subjects. In each group metabolic performance was investigated by assessing utilisation of n-butyrate, the main respiratory fuel of the colonic mucosa, as well as utilisation of glucose and glutamine. In both acute and quiescent UC oxidation of butyrate to CO2 and ketones was significantly lower than in the control tissues, and the decrease correlated with the state of the disease. Enhanced glucose and glutamine oxidation compensated for decreased butyrate oxidation in UC, indicating that colonocytes in colitis were not metabolically degenerate cells. Failure of butyrate oxidation reflects a variable yet definite metabolic defect in the mucosa in UC. Diminished oxidation of butyrate can explain the characteristic distribution of colitis along the colon, especially the frequency of UC in the distal colon. It is suggested that failure of fatty-acid (n-butyrate) oxidation in UC is an expression of an energy-deficiency disease of the colonic mucosa.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Anaerobic bacteria, the colon and colitis.

Anaerobic bacteria constitute more than 90% of the bacteria in the colon. An anaerobic environment is needed to maintain their growth and the production of short-chain fatty acids by these bacteria from carbohydrates. Short-chain fatty acids are rapidly absorbed and essential for metabolic as well as functional welfare of the colonic mucosa. The importance of these acids in water absorption and in the patogenesis of colitis is discussed in relation to the concept of "energy deficiency diseases" of the colonic mucosa.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1980

Role of anaerobic bacteria in the metabolic welfare of the colonic mucosa in man.

Suspensions of isolated epithelial cells (colonocytes) from the human colon were used to assess utilisation of respiratory fuels which are normally available to the colonic mucosa in vivo. Cells were prepared from operative specimens of the ascending colon (seven) and descending colon (seven). The fuels that were used were the short chain fatty acid n-butyrate, produced only by anaerobic bacteria in the colonic lumen, together with glucose and glutamine, normally present in the circulation. The percentage oxygen consumption attributable to n-butyrate, when this was the only substrate, was 73% in the ascending colon and 75% in the descending colon. In the presence of 10 mM glucose these proportions changed to 59% and 72%. Aerobic glycolysis was observed in both the ascending and descending colon. Glucose oxidation accounted for 85% of the oxygen consumption in the ascending colon and 30% in the descending colon. In the presence of 10 mM n-butyrate these proportions decreased to 41% in the ascending colon and 16% in the descending colon. Based on the assumption that events in the isolated colonocytes reflect utilization of fuels in vivo, the hypothesis is put forward that fatty acids of anaerobic bacteria are a major source of energy for the colonic mucosa, particularly of the distal colon.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

Method of preparing isolated colonic epithelial cells (colonocytes) for metabolic studies.

Suspensions of isolated colonic epithelial cells (colonocytes) have been obtained from rats by incubating everted lengths of colon with EDTA at 37 degrees C in Krebs-Henseleit saline from which calcium was omitted and containing 0.25% (w/v) bovine serum albumin. Measurements of oxygen consumption and lactate production by cell suspensions indicate that they are metabolically active for at least one hour. The method has been modified for the preparation of isolated epithelial cells from the human colon by including an enzyme digestion step and by increasing the concentration of EDTA to 10 mM. Human colonocytes have been obtained either from normal mucosa (ascending and descending colon) or from the mucosa in ulcerative colitis (descending colon). Oxygen consumption of human cell suspensions is lower than in the rat but in colonocytes from both species the rate is increased by glucose and by n-butyrate, a normal constituent of the colonic lumen. The method yields metabolically active cell suspensions from diseased colonic mucosa and promises to be of value for biochemical studies of ulcerative colitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The aldehyde fuchsin and colloidal iron staining reactions in the canine thyroid C cell.

The cytochemically reactive groups which are responsible for Aldehyde Fuchsin (AF) and colloidal iron (CI) staining of C cells were investigated in the canine thyroid gland. To this end, stains for proteoglycans and peptide groups were utilized in conjuction with hydrolysis of glycosidic and amide bonds. In addition, the following procedures were used: acetylation, benzoylation, nitrozation, aldehyde blockade, sulphydryl blockade, methylation and mild acid hydrolysis. No acidic proteoglycan, sialic acid, polyphosphate or polysaccharide ester sulphate were detected in C cells; the results suggest that AF staining, after an oxidation step, and CI staining are due to polypeptides. Sulphydryl and carboxyl groups together are necessary for mediating the attachment of AF in C cells and it is adduced that this attachment is due to the combined charges of sulphonic and carboxylic acids. Methylation and acetylation inhibit CI staining and those staining reactions that depend upon carboxylic acid (TB) and hydroxyl groups (PAS) for their dye attachment in C cells. Acid hydrolysis, which increases the demonstration of carboxylic acid in C cells, decreases the attachment of hydroxyferric ions. I speculate that this inhibition is due to extraction of iron sites in the C cell and conclude that it is not solely carboxylic acids in C cells that are responsible for CI staining.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Congenital thyroid cyst of ultimobranchial gland origin.

The ultimobranchial gland (UBG) is an endocrine gland which contributes C cells to the thyroid gland in mammals. Dysembryonic tissues derived from the UBG have been described as cystic bodies. The following case illustrates the criteria which characterize dysembryogenesis of the UBG.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Pathogenesis and treatment of plunging ranulas.

Three patients with plunging ranula, two of which occurred spontaneously and one of which followed removal of the submandibular gland, were treated by excision of the sublingual gland. The sublingual gland is removed through the mouth or through a cervical submandibular incision. No dissection of the cervical ramifications associated with the ranula is undertaken, and these disappear once the source of the extravasating saliva has been removed. Results of considerable experimental work reported by others, support the concept that plunging ranulas are extravasations of saliva from the sublingual glands.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Thyroidectomy for non-familial medullary carcinoma.

Two cases of non-familial medullary carcinoma of the thyroid which had thyroid tissue remaining after initial thyroidectomy were shown to contain residual, intra-glandular carcinoma at reoperation. This observation, the distribution of C cells in the normal thyroid gland and the lymph node spread of this carcinoma have led to the proposal of a bilateral 90 per cent upper pole thyroidectomy including the superior parathyroids for cases of non-familial medullary carcinoma. This operation removes all the C-cell-bearing area and leaves a small thyroid remnant at the lower pole for preservation of the inferior parathyroid glands. The operation is discussed with reference to these factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The oxyphil and C cells of the human thyroid gland. A cytochemical and histopathologic review.

The C and oxyphil cells of the human thyroid are analyzed in the light of recent advances in cellular biology, cytochemistry, and histopathology. The C cell is present in the normal human thyroid, where its identification is cardinally by means of argyrophilic cytoplasmic granules. The morphology, topography and argyrophilia of C cells are discussed with reference to tumor, cyst, and teratoma formation in the thyroid gland. Oxyphil cells of the thyroid are cytochemically akin to C cells but arise from follicular cells. They occur in the thyroid and other protein-producing organs, but are themselves inefficient producers of proteins and glycoproteins. Speculation is made on their morphological characteristics, and consideration is given to DNA-RNA involvement in the functional and morphological alterations of this follicular cell type.

Adenoma↗