PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W E Scott

Publications and source records attributed to W E Scott.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Variables that contribute to leadership among female occupational therapists.

This study determined which variables differentiated occupational therapy leaders from nonleaders and identified factors that contributed to leadership. The subjects were 405 occupational therapists 36 to 74 years old. Some (79) were leaders in the field, and others (326) were randomly selected members of The American Occupational Therapy Association who did not occupy leadership roles. Eighty-nine percent of the questionnaires were returned. Few demographic differences separated the two groups; however, the findings showed that a substantial portion of the leaders shared experiences in childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood that the nonleaders did not share. Leaders viewed themselves as leaders, desired leadership, and saw leadership as an appropriate activity for women. Their view of the female role was less traditional than that of nonleaders. They married much less frequently; those who did marry had fewer children. Most married leaders' husbands highly supported their wives' leadership activities.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Preoperative prism adaptation in acquired esotropia.

41 patients with acquired esotropia who did not have preoperative prism adaptation were compared to 50 patients who were prism-adapted prior to surgery. Surgical success was evaluated at a postoperative period of 6 months. 82% of the patients who responded to prism adaptation had a successful surgical result as compared to only 51% of the patients who did not wear prisms preoperatively.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1983

The experimental effects of "autonomy" on performance and self-reports of satisfaction.

Though the job characteristics model proposed by Hackman and his associates has provided the impetus for a large number of correlational studies, few of any studies have involved the systematic manipulation of one or more of the five-core dimensions (job properties) while noting the performance outcomes. In this study, the autonomy dimension was experimentally varied (four levels) in a laboratory setting. Four groups of undergraduate students performed a job comprised of three tasks under varying degrees of autonomy while measures of performance, "perceptions" of task properties, and other self-reports were obtained. It was found, contrary to our hypothesis, that variations in autonomy produced a negative effect on quantity of performance and no effect on quality of performance, though subjects in the more autonomous conditions reported a higher level of autonomy. Reservations regarding the strategy of drawing causal inferences from correlational analyses are discussed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1982

Superior rectus recessions for dissociated vertical deviation.

Thirty-two eyes of 31 patients received superior rectus recessions for the treatment of dissociated vertical deviation (DVD). All patients were followed for a postoperative period of at least six months, and 50% were followed for a period of three years or more. The differential diagnosis of DVD and inferior oblique overaction was important, and the distinguishing features of each are mentioned. A distinction was made between occlusion hyperphoria, a latent deviation in the preferred fixating eye, and DVD, a manifest deviation in the nonpreferred eye. In the vast majority of cases, a unilateral superior rectus recession of graduated amounts was performed in the eye with a cosmetically unacceptable DVD. The surgical "hang loose" technique permitted avoiding technically difficult situations. After operation 82% of the eyes were aligned, within the good to excellent categories (0-9 prism diopters).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Microcystis aeruginosa toxin: cell culture toxicity, hemolysis, and mutagenicity assays.

Crude toxin was prepared by lyophilization and extraction of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa from four natural sources and a unicellular laboratory culture. The responses of cultures of liver (Mahlavu and PCL/PRF/5), lung (MRC-5), cervix (HeLa), ovary (CHO-K1), and kidney (BGM, MA-104, and Vero) cell lines to these preparations did not differ significantly from one another, indicating that toxicity was not specific for liver cells. The results of a trypan blue staining test showed that the toxin disrupted cell membrane permeability within a few minutes. Human, mouse, rat, sheep, and Muscovy duck erythrocytes were also lysed within a few minutes. Hemolysis was temperature dependent, and the reaction seemed to follow first-order kinetics. Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, and Tetrahymena pyriformis were not significantly affected by the toxin. The toxin yielded negative results in Ames/Salmonella mutagenicity assays. Microtiter cell culture, trypan blue, and hemolysis assays for Microcystis toxin are described. The effect of the toxin on mammalian cell cultures was characterized by extensive disintegration of cells and was distinguishable from the effects of E. coli enterotoxin, toxic chemicals, and pesticides. A possible reason for the acute lethal effect of Microcystis toxin, based on cytolytic activity, is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Strabismus, amblyopia, and dyslexia.

Accurate ocular assessment in the pediatric patient can be a challenge to the primary care physician. Guidelines are suggested for ocular evaluation in children of varying ages. Strabismus, amblyopia, and dyslexia are among the most common ocular problems seen in children; medical, surgical, and educational means to treat these disorders are emphasized.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1981

Diagnosis and treatment of thyroid myopathy.

Twenty-five patients with thyroid myopathy were referred to our Strabismus Clinic for treatment of diplopia. Prism treatment was effective in only three. When the remaining 22 patients' ocular motility problems and thyroid states were stable, surgical management was undertaken. The preoperative evaluation included visual fields, iris angiograms, binocular diplopia fields, intraocular pressures in different positions of gaze and A-scan echography. The goal of surgery was to produce as large a binocular visual field from primary as possible. Supramaximal recessions of the involved muscles were often needed and adjustable sutures were an important part of the surgical management. The complications encountered included limitation of movement into the field of the recessed muscle, inducement of an A-pattern in downgaze, and postoperative instability.

Diplopia↗
PubMed1979

Congenital mucocele of the lacrimal sac.

Two infants had congenital mucocele of the lacrimal sac. The diagnosis of this condition was aided by ultrasound. Congenital mucocele is one of the few indications for immediate lacrimal system probing in the neonatal period. Probing in both patients was successful.

Cysts↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of Jensen procedures by saccades and diplopic fields.

A total of 15 eyes of 13 patients with lateral rectus palsies underwent Jensen procedures; one eye had a medial rectus recession and lateral rectus resection. It was arbitrarily decided to perform a Jensen procedure for patients with less than 40% normal abduction saccadic function. The patients' conditions were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively by prism cover test. Versions, forced ductions, saccadic velocities, and diplopic field examinations were done. Postoperatively, all patients showed improved saccadic function; 12 of 13 patients acquired a functional range of diplopia-free vision; and 11 of 13 patients had aligned eyes with a good head position. By retrospective analysis we determined that the Jensen procedure gives good results for patients with severe lateral rectus palsy (less than 40% normal saccadic function).

Diplopia↗