The change in refractive status of an eye that has undergone muscle surgery appears to be due to cornea changes. While not all patients are affected, a moderate number will show enough change in astigmatism to cause a decrease in the visual acuity from a few letters to two lines difference. These changes, more commonly an increase in with the rule astigmatism, tend to disappear in time, although in an occasional patient they may persist. Such a change is especially noted when two nonadjacent recti muscles are operated on the same eye. One advantage in operating on the fixing eye is that of allowing a surgically induced amblyopic therapy to continue into the postoperative period. A noncycloplegic or "dry" retinoscopy seems to be a quick and effective way of determining the existence, though not the amount, of such a change in the refractive status.

Astigmatism↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Simple methods to reduce patient exposure during scoliosis radiography.

Radiation exposure to the breasts of adolescent females can be reduced significantly through the use of one or all of the following methods: fast, rare-earth screen-film combinations; specially designed compensating filters; and breast shielding. The importance of exposure reduction during scoliosis radiography as well as further details on the above described methods are discussed. In addition, the early results of a Center for Devices and Radiological Health study, which recorded exposure and technique data for scoliosis radiography, is presented.

Adolescent↗