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Biomedical subjects

W Eicher

Publications and source records attributed to W Eicher.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[The effects of hormone replacement therapy on ovarian function in premenopausal women after hysterectomy].

OBJECTIVE: Examining the consequences of temporary postoperative hormone replacement therapy following hysterectomy for the function of the ovaries and the subjective well-being of women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Hormone profiles (Estradiol, FSH, LH, Testosterone, DHEA) and typical estradiol deficiency phenomena were investigated prospectively in premenopausal hysterectomized women with intact ovaries. Group 1 (n = 21) was replaced transdermally following surgery for 3 weeks with estradiol patch 0.05 mg daily. Group 2 (n = 21) got no hormones. RESULTS: Group 1 had a remarkable decrease of estradiol after 10 days to 59% and after 6 weeks to 71% of the starting point. Gonadotropins showed an increase in this group. In group 2 without replacement there was only a small decrease of estradiol after 10 days and after 6 weeks the level was higher than before hysterectomy. Testosterone also decreased in group 1 to 64% of the level before surgery after 6 weeks, whereas in the comparing group it was 87%. On the other hand in group 1 only 2 of 21 women, but 10 of 21 in group 2 showed climacteric-like symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: HRT over 3 weeks induces ovarian suppression, which is still seen 6 weeks after hysterectomy. But hormonally treated women have clearly less subjective complaints.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Standards for treatment and expert opinion on transsexuals. The German Society for Sexual Research, The Academy of Sexual medicine and the Society for Sexual Science].

Over the last two-and-a-half years a committee of experts, consisting of members of the three leading German sexology associations, developed guidelines for treating and assessing transsexuals. Their purpose is to improve the care for patients with sex identity disorders and to ensure that such care is of uniform quality to avoid erroneous decisions to the disadvantage of those affected. The guidelines are set out in full.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1996

[Treatment of estrogen deficiency-induced sex disorders].

OBJECTIVE: Is it possible to successfully treat sexual disturbances related to an estrogen deficiency syndrome with estrogens? METHODS: For 4 months, sexual dysfunctions (loss of libido, dyspareunia, difficulties in experiencing orgasm) were treated with a transdermal system-the estrogen patch-in one group cyclically and in a second continually. Women with uterus got 1 mg/day norethisterone acetate for 12 days a month. RESULTS: By estrogen therapy alone, success was seen in 40/41% for loss of libido, in 75/56% for dyspareunia and in 47/25% for difficulties of orgasm. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the complexity of the biopsychosocial causes of the sexual disturbances in relation with an estrogen deficiency syndrome, the replacement therapy is successful in many cases.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1995

[Transsexuality--standards of care].

After the description of transsexualism as a nosological entity by Harry Benjamin standards of care emerged which are useful and protective for patients and doctors involved in treatment. The diagnosis is established by the finding of an irreversibly transposed gender identity. This has to be confirmed by an expert who is competent in counselling gender identity problems. He will give his written opinion which is the indication for the hormonal treatment to be done at least for half a year prior to operation and which leads to virilization or effeminization and which is the preparation for genital surgery. Standards of female-to-male surgery are: 1. Breast-transformation 2. Colpohysterectomy with adnexectomy, possibly by the vaginal route. Surrogates for testes and phalloplasties are only in the experimental stage and not standard. Standards of male-to-female surgery are: 1. Castration by extirpation of testes. 2. Resection of penis shaft with total resection of the spongy bodies. 3. Neovagina by inverted penis-skin technique. 4. Plasty of labia majora and minora and a clitoris. 5. In case of insufficient gynecomastia breast-augmentation. After the operation, follow-up examinations are necessary by the surgeon until complete healing. A supportive psychological care by the expert who has evaluated the transposition of gender identity would be useful. It could be done also by the gynecologist who makes the follow-up examinations in male to female transsexuals. He is also competent for the life-long hormonal substitution.

Female↗
PubMed1994

[Total and subtotal hysterectomy--psychosexual aspects].

Surgery on genital organs is taken with anxiousness and leads generally to a temporary impairment of sexual function. Sexual life after hysterectomy is possible. Intercourse, sexual desire and orgasmic capacity are as a rule not negatively changed and in a great part even improved. Through discussion (during pre-operative consultancy and at the time of discharge and follow-up examinations) that also deals with the sexual function, lasting or chronic sexual disturbances can be largely avoided. The incidence of psychosomatic disturbances which also influence sexual behavior is then under 10%: they are projected onto the operation and have intra-psychic or psycho-social roots that are independent of it. A certain method of hysterectomy cannot have any decisive significance with regard to the capacity to experience sexual pleasure. An all-too-local/genital approach deflects us from our understanding of the orgasm, as the latter is a central experience in which extra-genital and, above all, psychological factors also play an important part.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

[Freedom to cure and alternative medicine].

The problem area of unconventional methods of treatment involves addressing a complex web of legal questions (constitutional law, criminal law, medical liability law, social insurance law, medical professional law). However, proceeding from the basis of statutory health insurance law, all individual questions can be resolved uniformly if the customary statutory or contractual "scientific-basis-clauses" intended to restrict the use of unconventional methods of treatment are understood merely as a criterion for a medical-acceptability test that respects the individual physician's discretion as regards treatment and appraisal. Methods of "outsiders" are then not generally excluded; rather, an individual weighing-up of the benefits has to be carried out in each case.

Complementary Therapies↗
PubMed1993

[Sexual function and sexual disorders after hysterectomy].

Hysterectomy leads to a temporary impairment of sexual behaviour. Discussions during pre-operative consultancy and at the time of discharge and follow-up examinations dealing with the sexual function, can in general avoid lasting or chronic sexual disturbances. The incidence of psychosomatic disturbances, which also influence sexual behaviour, is found to be under 10% and are projected onto the operation, have therefore intra-psychic or psycho-social roots, which are independent of it. As a rule, the ability to experience orgasm is retained and, in many cases, improved; although there are exceptions to the rule. A certain method of hysterectomy cannot have any decisive significance with regard to the capacity to experience sexual pleasure. This is indicated by our knowledge of the physiology of the sexual response and by the follow-up investigations concerning the sexual function after a hysterectomy conducted to date. An all-too-local/genital approach deflects us from our understanding of the orgasm, as the latter is a central experience in which extra-genital and, above all, psychological factors also play an important part.

Coitus↗
PubMed1992

[Subjective complaints and hormonal reactions in the first 6 weeks after hysterectomy].

Hormone profiles (estradiol, testosterone, FSH, LH) and typical estradiol deficiency phenomena were investigated prospectively in the first 6 weeks after hysterectomy (n = 50) and after additional bilateral adnexectomy (n = 17). In the second group estradiol was replaced transdermally from the 2nd postoperative day (estradiol patch, 0.05 mg daily). In the 1st group 34% of patients showed a significant decrease in estradiol, 28% of patients a significant decrease in testosterone on the 3rd postoperative day which was no longer demonstrable after 6 weeks. In the second group no decrease in hormone levels was found. So the estradiol patch can replace estradiol to a sufficient degree and in particular physiologically even after bilateral oophorectomy Subjective complaints improved in both groups. Psychosomatic influence also seems to be of importance.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Transsexualism].

Transsexuals correspond in terms of their chromosomes, hormones and anatomy to their phenotypic sexual characteristics, but feel, with respect to their sexual identity that they unmistakably belong to the opposite sex, and wish for this reason to be reassigned to their psychological sex by means of endocrinological and operative treatment. They have a complete and permanent transposition of their sexual identity. The cause of transsexualism is unknown. There are male-to-female and female-to-male transsexuals. The diagnosis is made by a psychiatric evaluation. Hormonal treatment before operation and lifelong substitution after castration are described. The surgical technique in male-to-female consists in castration and construction of a neovagina by inversion of the penisskin, evtl. mammaplasty -in female-to-male: mammatransformation, vaginal colpohysterectomy and adnectomy and in a second step perineoplasty and construction of a phallic urethra up to the glans of the enlarged clitoris.

Breast↗
PubMed1984

[Evaluation of the voice as a secondary sex characteristic in transsexuals].

The secondary sex character of the voice was assessed in 15 transsexuals. They were compared to 40 people with typical normal vocal sex characteristics. The mean pitch level and the distributions of formant frequencies of the transsexuals were compared to those of the control group. The results obtained show no significant relation to the phenotype.

Female↗
PubMed1981

[Transsexualism and the H-Y antigen].

First reports about incongruous H-Y antigen status in male-to-female and female-to-male transsexuals have been published by us in 1979. Meanwhile H-Y antigen expression was analyzed with the cytotoxicity assay of Goldberg et al. in 61 transsexuals. In 55 cases H-Y antigen status was found discordant with the anatomical, chromosomal and hormonal sex and corresponded to the gender identity of transsexuals. The relative frequency was 0,91. In 33 male-to-female transsexuals 29 were H-Y negative, one was intermediate, three were H-Y positive. In 28 female-to-male transsexuals 25 were H-Y positive, one was intermediate, two were H-Y negative. The new findings of an incongruous H-Y antigen status in genuine transsexuals may lead to new considerations about the pathogenesis of the disease and about the function of H-Y antigen.

Female↗
PubMed1981

H-Y antigen expression in different tissues from transsexuals.

H-Y-antigen expression was analyzed in patients with transsexuality. Peripheral blood lymphocytes and various tissues were examined using the cytotoxicity assay of Goldberg et al. (1971). Peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy male and female subjects were used as controls as well as tissues from non-transsexual individuals and from male and female C57B1/6J mice. In three female-to-male transsexuals the peripheral blood lymphocytes were H-Y antigen positive. In these patients also their ovaries, uterus, and mammae were found to be H-Y antigen positive. Three male-to-female transsexuals were examined. The peripheral blood lymphocytes in two of these patients were found to be H-Y antigen negative. Their testes were also H-Y antigen negative, as well as the epididymus, the corpus cavernosum penis, and the cremaster muscle which was analyzed in one of them. One male-to-female transsexual had peripheral blood lymphocytes which were H-Y antigen positive; this patient had testis and corpus cavernosum penis which were also H-Y-antigen positive.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[The early diagnosis of pregnancy by the enzyme immunoassay of beta-1-glycoprotein (sp1) (author's transl)].

The enzyme immunologic determination of SP1 in the serum is suitable for the early diagnosis of pregnancy from 14 days after ovulation onwards. In the control group of 64 non-pregnant and of healthy men no SP1 was detected in the serum. At least six weeks after the cessation of trophoblast activity SP1 can still be detected in the serum. The enzyme immunoassay technique of SP1 in the serum has a high sensitivity of 1 ng/SP1/ml serum and a short measuring time of 2 1/2-4 hours. This test is therefore excellent for the early diagnosis of pregnancy.

Adolescent↗