The damp building effect: understanding needed, not more debate.
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Air Pollution, Indoor↗
Biomedical subjects
W Elliott Horner
Publications and source records attributed to W Elliott Horner.
Air- and dustborne mycoflora in houses free of water damage and fungal growth.
Typically, studies on indoor fungal growth in buildings focus on structures with known or suspected water damage, moisture, and/or indoor fungal growth problems. Reference information on types of culturable fungi and total fungal levels are generally not available for buildings without these problems. This study assessed 50 detached single-family homes in metropolitan Atlanta, Ga., to establish a baseline of "normal and typical" types and concentrations of airborne and dustborne fungi in urban homes which were predetermined not to have noteworthy moisture problems or indoor fungal growth. Each home was visually examined, and samples of indoor and outdoor air and of indoor settled dust were taken in winter and summer. The results showed that rankings by prevalence and abundance of the types of airborne and dustborne fungi did not differ from winter to summer, nor did these rankings differ when air samples taken indoors were compared with those taken outdoors. Water indicator fungi were essentially absent from both air and dust samples. The air and dust data sets were also examined specifically for the proportions of colonies from ecological groupings such as leaf surface fungi and soil fungi. In the analysis of dust for culturable fungal colonies, leaf surface fungi constituted a considerable portion (>20%) of the total colonies in at least 85% of the samples. Thus, replicate dust samples with less than 20% of colonies from leaf surface fungi are unlikely to be from buildings free of moisture or mold growth problems.
Air Microbiology↗
Assessment of the indoor environment: evaluation of mold growth indoors.
Much attention has been focused on indoor molds; resulting in modest amounts of new research. There is strong evidence of respiratory effects. Although mechanisms are disputed, some of the effect (but not all) is likely to be allergy related. There is some evidence that atopic individuals may be more affected, but many nonatopic individuals also are affected. This area needs more general research and specific research on exposure measures (such as what fungal components should be measured) and on health-effect mechanisms. It is worthwhile to emphasize the practical knowledge that is readily available. Buildings should be designed, built, operated, and occupied so that the buildings stay dry. When this situation does not occur, the environmental and clinical aspects that are observed by competent professionals should both be considered when determining causal relationships.
Air Pollution, Indoor↗
Fungal aerobiology: exposure and measurement.
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Aerosols↗