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W Eugene Roberts

Publications and source records attributed to W Eugene Roberts.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Assessing treatment outcomes for a graduate orthodontics program: follow-up study for the classes of 2001-2003.

INTRODUCTION: Based on an initial 3-year study (1998-2000) of clinical outcomes, specific changes were made in the clinical protocol in the orthodontic clinic at Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind. To evaluate these adjustments, a follow-up study with the same methods assessed the clinical outcomes for the next 3 years (2001-2003). METHODS: The 3 changes introduced in 2000 were assessment of prefinish records, education of residents about previous outcomes, and more frequent practice evaluations by the program director. The American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) objective grading system (OGS) and a supplemental comprehensive clinical assessment (CCA) were used to evaluate the results for all patients completed by the classes of 2001 through 2003 (n = 437). RESULTS: The mean ABO OGS, CCA, and combined scores were 25.19 +/- 11.16, 4.38 +/- 2.74, and 29.57 +/- 13.01, respectively. A progressive improvement was noted from 2001 to 2003. The ABO OGS and the combined scores were significantly (P <.001) improved in 2001 through 2003 compared with 1998 through 2000. The CCA score tended to improve, but it was not significantly different. Significant improvements were seen for maxillary and mandibular first order, mandibular second order, mandibular third order, overjet, occlusal contacts, occlusal relationships, and root angulations (P <.001). As with the previous study, excessive treatment times correlated with worse clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Changes implemented by the graduate program were effective for improving treatment outcomes. Cast scores were more amenable to improvement than other more comprehensive outcomes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Root resorption associated with orthodontic force in inbred mice: genetic contributions.

Root resorption (RR) is an unwanted sequela of orthodontic treatment. Despite rigorous investigation, no single factor or group of factors that directly causes RR has been identified. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the genotype on susceptibility or resistance to develop RR secondary to orthodontic force. Nine-week-old male mice from eight inbred strains were used and randomly distributed into control (C) or treatment (T) groups as follows: A/J (C = 9,T = 9), C57BL/6J (C = 7,T = 8), C3H/HeJ (C = 8,T = 6), BALB/cJ (C = 8,T = 6), 129P3/J (C = 6,T = 8), DBA/2J (C = 8,T = 9), SJL/J (C = 8,T = 10), and AKR/J (C = 9,T = 8). Each of the treated mice received an orthodontic appliance to tip the maxillary left first molar mesially for 9 days. Histological sections of the tooth were used to determine RR and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. The Wilcoxon ranked-sum non-parametric test was used to evaluate differences between the groups. The results showed that the DBA/2J, BALB/cJ, and 129P3/J inbred mouse strains are highly susceptible to RR, whereas A/J, C57BL/6J and SJL/J mice are much more resistant. The variation in the severity of RR associated with orthodontic force among different inbred strains of mice when age, gender, food, housing, and orthodontic force magnitude/duration are controlled support the hypothesis that susceptibility or resistance to RR associated with orthodontic force is a genetically influenced trait.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2005

Clinical assessment of orthodontic outcomes with the peer assessment rating, discrepancy index, objective grading system, and comprehensive clinical assessment.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess orthodontic treatment outcomes in postgraduate orthodontic clinics at Okayama University (OU) and Indiana University (IU). MATERIAL: Using the peer assessment rating (PAR) index, the discrepancy index (DI), the American Board of Orthodontist's objective grading system (OGS), and the comprehensive clinical assessment (CCA), we evaluated pretreatment and posttreatment records of 72 patients from OU and 54 patients from IU. RESULTS: The average pretreatment PAR score with United Kingdom weighting was 32 for OU subjects and 28 for IU subjects. Differences in maxillary and mandibular buccal alignment between schools were statistically significant ( P < .01). The posttreatment PAR scores were 7 for OU and 4 for IU. The difference in overjet between schools was statistically significant ( P < .05). The mean DI scores were 19 for OU and 17 for IU. OU patients scored significantly more DI points for crowding and mandibular plane angle compared with IU patients ( P < .05). On the other hand, they lost significantly fewer DI points for overbite and occlusion compared with IU patients ( P < .05). The mean OGS scores were 34 for OU and 33 for IU. Buccolingual inclination and overjet scores were significantly higher in OU patients compared with IU ( P < .05). The mean CCA score was approximately 4 points for both OU and IU. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that these indexes are useful for comparing treatment outcomes between clinics. They were able to identify specific problems in treating Asian patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Assessment of orthodontic treatment outcomes: early treatment versus late treatment.

This investigation compares the treatment outcome of early treatment (in the mixed dentition) with that of late treatment (early permanent dentition) using objective evaluation criteria. Pretreatment and post-treatment records of all patients (n = 512) completed from 1998 to 2000 in the graduate orthodontics clinic at the Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD) were evaluated by the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System (ABO OGS) and Comprehensive Clinical Assessment (CCA) method developed at IUSD. Two definitions of early treatment were used in this study: (1) all patients started in the mixed dentition with early-treatment objectives and (2) female individuals were <10 years and male individuals were <10.5 years of age when treatment began. Comparison of the final results between early- vs late-treatment groups showed that the early-treatment group had significantly longer treatment time and worse CCA scores than the late-treatment group, regardless of the definition of the early-treatment group or whether the early-debond (premature treatment termination) cases were included or not. There was no significant difference between early- and late-treatment groups regarding the ABO OGS score, which indicated that the CCA method is more sensitive in detecting compromised outcomes for patients with long treatment times. Prematurely terminated treatment was more prevalent in the early-treatment group than in the late-treatment group. In this large sample of consecutive patients (n = 512), the disadvantages of early treatment was prolonged treatment time, worse CCA score, and a higher incidence of premature termination of treatment, which was attributed to patient/parent "burn-out."

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Comprehensive clinical evaluation as an outcome assessment for a graduate orthodontics program.

To supplement the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) objective grading system (OGS) for posttreatment dental casts and panoramic radiographs, a comprehensive clinical assessment (CCA) method was developed to assess facial form, dental esthetics, vertical dimension, arch form, periodontium preservation, root resorption, and treatment efficiency. The sum of the CCA and the ABO OGS scores was defined as the clinical outcome. To determine a 3-year baseline for treatment outcomes in a graduate orthodontic program, the posttreatment records of 521 consecutive patients were evaluated. The mean ABO OGS score for the entire sample was 34.4 points: 32.4, 33.1, and 37.8 points for 1998, 1999, and 2000, respectively. The mean CCA score for the entire sample was 4.67 points: 2.96, 5.13, and 6.15 points for 1998, 1999, and 2000, respectively. Corresponding ABO OGS and CCA scores showed a progressive decrease in the quality of finished cases that was associated with a treatment time increase from 28.9 to 39.3 months. Overall, longer active treatment times resulted in a diminished clinical outcome, primarily due to "patient burn-out." Scoring of all finished cases is an effective means for determining clinical outcomes. However, the data suggest that, in initiating a clinical grading program, it is important to establish a multiyear baseline. Patients who are progressing well in treatment tend to be finished by the time the current class graduates, and the problem patients are transferred. Because long treatment times are associated with diminished clinical outcomes, it is often in the best interest of the uncooperative patient to terminate treatment rather than extend active mechanics in an attempt to achieve a better result.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Genetic predisposition to external apical root resorption.

External apical root resorption (EARR) can be an undesirable sequela of orthodontic treatment. Previous studies have suggested that EARR has a substantial genetic component. Linkage and association were examined between polymorphisms of the interleukin IL-1 (IL-1A and IL-1B) genes and EARR in 35 white American families. Buccal swab cells were collected for DNA isolation and analysis. The EARR in the maxillary central incisors, the mandibular central incisors, and the mesial and distal roots of the mandibular first molar were analyzed separately and together by using both linkage and association methods of analysis. Highly significant (P =.0003) evidence of linkage disequilibrium of IL-1B polymorphism with the clinical manifestation of EARR was obtained. The analysis indicates that the IL-1B polymorphism accounts for 15% of the total variation of maxillary incisor EARR. Persons homozygous for the IL-1B allele 1 have a 5.6 fold (95% CI 1.9-21.2) increased risk of EARR greater than 2 mm as compared with those who are not homozygous for the IL-1 beta allele 1. Data indicate that allele 1 at the IL-1B gene, known to decrease the production of IL-1 cytokine in vivo, significantly increases the risk of EARR. These findings are consistent with an interpretation of EARR as a complex condition influenced by many factors, with the IL-1B gene contributing an important predisposition to this common problem. Defining genetic contributions to EARR is an important factor in understanding the contribution of environmental factors, such as habits and therapeutic biomechanics.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Emergence of permanent teeth: secular trends and variance in a modern sample.

The purpose of this study was to update the most commonly used tables of dental eruption (emergence), which are more than 50 years old and do not distinguish between ethnic and socio-economic groups. Clinical emergence data was collected for a modern sample of 574 French children and adolescents, aged 5.5 years to 15 years (294 girls and 280 boys). With respect to the present sample, the commonly used eruption tables of Hurme were accurate for most aspects of mandibular emergence, but were seriously flawed for the maxillary arch. Emergence of all permanent maxillary teeth varied by at least 3 months from Hurme's means; lateral incisors, canines, and second molars erupted earlier, but both premolars emerged later. Compared to similar French data collected in 1958, there appears to be a secular trend for later eruption of the maxillary premolars and earlier emergence of permanent second molars. These changes may reflect an evolutionary reduction in the size of the maxilla, a progressive decrease in genetic control of permanent canines, as well as first and second premolars, and/or progress in dental preventive measures to conserve primary molars. From a clinical perspective, appropriate dental emergence data are essential for effectively intercepting developmental malocclusions in children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗