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Biomedical subjects

W F Gayton

Publications and source records attributed to W F Gayton.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

An investigation of coaches' perceptions of the causes of home advantage.

This study investigated the personal experiences of 144 high school coaches in terms of their perceptions of the causes of the home advantage. Surveys were distributed to varsity coaches of local high school sports asking them to assign a percentage value to each of the most common explanations of -the home advantage, reflecting the perceived importance of each, e.g., social support, travel or fatigue, site familiarity, officials' bias, and self-fulfilling prophecy. A 3 x 6 repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated that no differences were significant in attribution of the causes of home advantage for the combinations of sex of coach and sex of athlete. A significant difference was noted in the percentages assigned across the five explanations provided the coaches. Post hoc comparison indicated that site familiarity was seen as the most important explanation across the combinations of the sex of coach and sex of athlete.

Attitude↗
PubMed2001

Attitudes toward the metric system 15 years later.

This follow-up study investigated whether attitudes toward the metric system have changed over the last 15 years. 132 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 45 years participated by filling out a 7-item survey designed to measure attitudes toward the metric system. Each survey item was scored using a 5-point rating, e.g., "the change to the metric system will create more problems than it solves," 1: strongly agree and 5: strongly disagree. Scores were compared to those obtained for a similar sample in 1983. Comparisons using t tests indicated no significant differences between attitude scores from 1983 to 1998 for either men (t64 = .95) or women (t133 = .06).

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Further validation of the Psychological Maltreatment Inventory.

This study attempted to provide further validation of the Psychological Maltreatment Inventory (PMI). The PMI was found to be correlated with scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for females but not males. Four separate ANOVAs were run with parent gender and respondent gender as independent variables and the total PMI score along with three factor subscale scores as separate dependent variables to determine the effects of both parent and respondent gender on PMI scores. Fathers were found to have significantly higher PMI scores than mothers, and post hoc tests indicated that male respondents view their fathers as more hostile rejecting than their mothers.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Continued validation of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale.

Scores on the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale have been correlated with measures of obsessive-compulsive tendencies for women, so the validity of scores on this scale for 41 men was examined. Scores on the Perfectionism Scale were significantly correlated (.47-.03) with scores on the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Further validation of the Indecisiveness Scale.

Scores on the Indecisiveness Scale have been shown to be correlated with scores on measures of obsessive-compulsive tendencies and perfectionism for women. This study examined the validity of the Indecisiveness Scale with 41 men whose mean age was 21.1 yr. Indecisiveness scores were significantly correlated with scores on measures of obsessive-compulsive tendencies and perfectionism. Also, undeclared majors had a significantly higher mean on the Indecisiveness Scale than did declared majors.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Validities of the Physical Estimation Scale in predicting running times.

Two studies were conducted with the purpose of examining the validity of the 12-item Physical Estimation Scale, developed by Safrit and Wood (1985), as a predictor of running performance. Physical Estimation Scale scores were not significantly related to running time at the 5-mi. distance but were significantly correlated with predicted and actual marathon finishing times.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of preshot routine on free-throw shooting.

The effect of prohibiting the use of a preshot routine on free-throw shooting in competitive situations was investigated. 25 male high school basketball players were instructed to attempt 50 free throws alternating in blocks of 10 between the use of their preshot routine and shooting without it. To make the situation competitive, subjects were run in groups of five and their performance was recorded on a large easel placed to the side of the free-throw line. A significantly larger number of baskets were made in the preshot routine condition than without the routine. A competitive situation led to a greater decrement in baskets than had been reported in 1986 by Lobmeyer and Wassermen during noncompetitive free-throw shooting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Accuracy of estimations of body-frame size as a function of sex and actual frame size.

Body-frame size is an important factor in determining an optimal body weight for a given height. Previous studies have indicated that many individuals incorrectly estimate their body-frame size, and, as a result, incorrectly assess their ideal weight. The present study investigated the accuracy of estimation of body-frame size as a function of sex and actual frame size. The subjects were 66 men and 52 women participating in a community adult fitness program. Data indicated that medium-framed individuals were the most accurate in their estimations of body-frame size. Also, women were twice as likely to be accurate as were men. These results are interpreted to mean that most people assume they are medium-framed and that there is a sex difference in the way body-frame size is estimated.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

An investigation of the utility of an MMPI posttraumatic stress disorder subscale.

This study attempted to cross-validate an MMPI subscale designed to diagnose posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The PTSD subscale scores of 19 Vietnam combat veterans with a diagnosis of PTSD were compared to those of 40 Vietnam era veterans with a psychiatric diagnosis other than PTSD. Diagnostic hit rates were considerably lower than those reported in the original investigation despite several attempts to control for misdiagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Relationship between childhood hyperactivity and accident proneness.

Previous research suggested that hyperactive children are especially susceptible to accidents. Two questions remain: is the relationship peculiar to hyperactivity in childhood or for behaviorally disturbed children in general and does the relationship hold for females as well as for males? To answer these questions 189 patients at a child psychiatric clinic were rated on a scale which included measures of hyperactivity and accident proneness. The hyperactive patients were more likely to be described as accident prone than nonhyperactive patients. The relationship between childhood hyperactivity and accident proneness is confirmed and is specific. The relationship holds for both boys and girls.

Accident Proneness↗
PubMed1985

Parent interview findings regarding the impact of cystic fibrosis on families.

An assessment of the impact of cystic fibrosis (CF) was conducted with 43 families. Semistructured parental interviews on family functioning, parent-child interactions, sibling and peer relationships, and medical issues were coded by two independent raters to identify "major," "minor", or "no" problems. Of the 62 questions presented, only 8 were viewed by more than 10% of parents as "major problems." The impact of hospitalization upon parents was the most prevalent "major problem." Parental communication was a "major problem" for 28% of the mothers but for only one father. Ten to 15% of the parents described "major problems" related to: their marital relationship, accepting the illness, feeling they should do more for their child with CF, feeling their other children had been deprived or complained about inattention, or their relationship with the ill child's grandparents. While most families were generally coping successfully, health care professionals should be alert to specific areas of potential problems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Utility of the Behavior Problem Checklist with preschool children.

Determined the utility of the Behavior Problem Checklist with preschool children, a sample of 101 male and 103 female children initially rated on this scale. Ss ranged in age from 42 to 72 months and currently were enrolled in Maine Headstart programs. Sixty-six of these children also were assessed on a preschool rating system developed to assess hyperactivity and withdrawal. Results revealed that the conduct disorder and socialized delinquency dimensions correlated most highly with the hyperactivity scales, while the personality disorder and immaturity dimensions correlated most highly with the withdrawal dimensions. The BPC was found to be sensitive in differentiating clinical from nonclinical groups. These findings suggest that the Behavior Problem Checklist, although not specifically designed to assess preschool age children, may be effective with this population.

Child↗