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Biomedical subjects

W F Hendry

Publications and source records attributed to W F Hendry.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Mixed erythrocyte-spermatozoa antiglobulin reaction (MAR test) for IgA antisperm antibodies in subfertile males.

A mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR test), using antibody-coated red cells and spermatozoa, has been used to detect the presence of either IgA or IgG on he surface of the spermatozoa. Group O Rh-positive red cells were sensitized with serum containing anti-D, which was partly IgA, though mainly IgG. Spermatozoa were added to the sensitized red cells and tested either with anti-IgA or anti-IgG. MAR (IgA) test results were negative or doubtful in 42 (44%) of 94 samples with positive or strongly positive MAR (IgG) tests. Positive MAR (IgA) tests showed a highly significant correlation with the presence of antisperm antibodies in seminal plasma. Significantly impaired sperm penetration of cervical mucus was demonstrated for 15 patients, 12 of whom had positive MAR (IgA) tests, whereas good sperm penetration was observed for 5 patients with negative or dubious MAR (IgA) tests; all 20 patients had strongly positive MAR (IgG) tests and positive serum antisperm antibody tests.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1982

Sympathetic orchiopathia--an experimental and clinical study.

An experimental and a clinical study have been performed to elucidate the nature of contralateral testicular damage following unilateral testicular injury--sympathetic orchiopathia. In an experimental study significant impairment of sperm production was produced by contralateral testicular damage which did not seem to be immunologically mediated or to involve the breakdown of the "blood-testis" barrier. In 5 subfertile patients with oligozoospermia and unilateral testicular damage, removal of the damaged testicle did not result in an improvement in their semen analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The diagnosis of unilateral testicular obstruction in subfertile males.

Thirty-two subfertile males with sperms in the ejaculate and unilateral testicular obstruction are reported: the diagnosis was established by exploration of scrotum in 26, clinically in 2, 3 had had previous partially successful epididymovasostomies, and 1 had had an epispadias repair. The past medical history gave relevant information in 27 (84%), and useful findings were made on clinical examination in a further 3 cases. Fifteen patients had sperm counts over 20 million per ml, and 15 were less than 10 million per ml. Twenty-six (81%) had serum antisperm antibodies detected by tray agglutination test (TAT), 21 (81%) of whom had evidence of head-to-head (HH) agglutinins in pure or mixed form. Comparison with 162 vasectomised males and 160 naturally infertile males with antisperm antibodies showed that 55% of the former and 24% of the latter had HH agglutinins on TAT, differences that were highly significant on statistical analysis. Evidence of obstruction was found in 14 (37%) of 38 naturally infertile males with antisperm antibodies and HH or mixed agglutination, but only in 12 (10%) of 122 with TT agglutinins: this difference was also highly significant. Clinical history, physical examination and serum antisperm antibodies, especially if HH agglutinins are present, can suggest the possibility of unilateral testicular obstruction, but confirmation of the diagnosis requires exploration of scrotum.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1981

The results of intermittent high dose steroid therapy for male infertility due to antisperm antibodies.

Forty-five males who had been infertile for 2 to 10 (average 5.3) years, with significantly positive antisperm antibody tests (serum spermagglutination titers more than 32) and demonstrably improved sperm penetration of cervical mucus, were treated with repeated 7-day courses of methylprednisolone (MP) 32 mg three times a day from days 21 to 28 (in a few cases days 1 to 7) of their wives' menstrual cycles. Antisperm antibody tests were repeated after treatment and related to the occurrence of pregnancy in the wife. Fourteen wives (31%) became pregnant in a cycle following treatment of the husband. The production of pregnancy was always associated with a marked drop in sperm immobilizing titer and usually with disappearance of antibodies from seminal plasma; both of these effects were sometimes observed without a significant change in serum spermagglutination titers. Three patients (6%) had transient severe side effects, and 14 (26%) have had mild side effects, out of 54 patients treated so far.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Non-seminoma germ cell tumours (malignant teratoma) of the testis. Results of treatment and an analysis of prognostic factors.

The results of treatment of 126 patients with non-seminoma germ cell tumours (malignant teratoma) of the testis are presented. Of this group 81% are alive and 70% disease-free. Of 98 patients who had had no prior treatment 83% are alive and 76.5% disease-free. Of 43 early-stage patients 41 (95%) are alive and tumour-free despite a 21% relapse rate after radiotherapy. The disease-free rate in patients with advanced disease treated with chemotherapy, and in some cases radiotherapy and/or surgery, ranged from 100 to 9% and was strongly dependent upon the volume of metastatic tumour and the histology. Patients with malignant teratoma undifferentiated (embryonal carcinoma) showed a significantly higher disease-free survival rate than those with malignant teratoma intermediate (teratocarcinoma). Twenty-six men with advanced disease received radiotherapy after chemotherapy and of these 23 (88%) are alive and 21 (81%) are disease-free. No difference in disease-free survival rate was seen between advanced-stage patients receiving vinblastine and bleomycin and those receiving, in addition, cis-platinum. The overall drug-related mortality was 4.5%. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-HCG) levels were valuable monitors in advanced disease but not prognostically significant if allowance was made for tumour volume. Fifteen patients had surgical resection of residual masses and one died post-operatively.

Castration↗
PubMed1981

The late results of conservative surgery for upper tract urothelial carcinomas.

In a selected series of 14 patients, upper tract urothelial tumours were excised with preservation of the ipsilateral kidney. The 5-year survival rate was 83%. The ipsilateral local recurrence was 5/14 (36%) but in 4 cases salvage surgery was effective and in 2 cases a functioning kidney was still preserved. The results of conservative surgery and its indications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Elective delayed excision of bulky para-aortic lymph node metastases in advanced non-seminoma germ cell tumours of testis.

Forty-one patients with advanced non-seminoma germ cell testicular tumours were treated by chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy, followed by excision of residual para-aortic lymph node masses. All para-aortic metastases were initially greater than 2 cm, 35 were larger than 5 cm, and 9 were over 10 cm in diameter. Seven patients also had nodal deposits above the diaphragm and 18 had distant metastases. The residual masses were excised completely in all except 3 cases. Residual malignancy was found in 7 (18%) of 38 operable cases; of these 7, only 2 remain alive and disease-free. In contrast, 28 (90%) of 31 operable cases with necrosis and fibrosis, or with fully differentiated teratoma, are alive and disease-free. Elevated serum markers were found in 6 of 9 cases with resectable or unresectable residual malignancy, but in only 1 of 32 who were tumour-free. Residual malignancy was found in 3 (9%) of 34 cases with normal marker levels. Malignancy was not found in any residual mass less than 4 cm diameter. We conclude that excision of para-aortic lymph node masses should be electively delayed until serum markers become normal and until shrinkage of the mass has ceased. The presence of residual malignancy in the excised tissue then provides a clear indication for further chemotherapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Reversal of vasectomy: the effects of sperm antibodies on subsequent fertility.

Antisperm antibodies were measured in serum and seminal plasma in 130 males before and after vasectomy reversal and the occurrence of pregnancy was analysed in the partners of 77 who were followed for more than one year. Sperm-agglutinating antibodies were found in the serum of 79% of patients; seminal plasma antibodies were present in only 9.5% before reversal and this rose to 26% afterwards. Pregnancies occurred in the partners of 53% of those men who were trying to produce children. A pregnancy was significantly less likely when the pre-operative serum antisperm antibody titre was 512 or more, but no decrease in fertility was seen with titres below this. Several pregnancies were produced by patients with seminal plasma antibodies, but numbers and follow-up are too small to permit detailed analysis. A randomised controlled trial of per-operative steroids showed that they produced no benefit. The antisperm antibodies associated with vasectomy reversal appear to differ fundamentally from those occurring in naturally subfertile males.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1981

The long-term results of surgery for obstructive azoospermia.

Thirty azoospermic patients with normal testes and normal serum FSH levels had scrotal exploration with photographic record of the appearance of the epididymes and vasography; bilateral epididymovasostomies were done is possible, with vasovasostomies if they were coexisting vasal blocks. Follow-up studies showed no success when the epididymes were empty (Type 1), when the vasa were absent or malformed (Type 2), or when tubular dilatation was confined to the heads of the epididymes; all of the latter cases had coexisting sinusitis, bronchitis or bronchiectasis (Type 4--Young's syndrome). Five patients with post-inflammatory disease had epididymes distended down to their tails (Type 3), and 3 also had vasal blocks. Three achieved sperm counts greater than 10 million per ml and impregnated their wives. Ten of 16 vasectomy reversals done by a similar side-to-side technique were successful. A simple classification of obstructive azoospermia is described and it is concluded that in about 50% of cases the underlying cause of failure in sperm transport remains obscure.

Bronchiectasis↗
PubMed1981

Sulphasalazine and male infertility: reversibility and possible mechanism.

Earlier observations on infertility related to sulphasalazine treatment were extended and semen samples obtained from 28 patients with inflammatory bowel disease on treatment with sulphasalazine at 2-4 g per day. Semen was examined for changes in density, motility, and morphology before, during, and after withdrawal of sulphasalazine. Gross semen abnormalities were seen in 18 patients on this drug for more than two months. Semen quality improved after sulphasalazine had been withdrawn for more than two months and 10 pregnancies are reported after sulphasalazine withdrawal. Preliminary endocrine and acetylator phenotype studies do not elucidate the mechanism of this important new side-effect of this drug. The time course of the drug's effect on semen quality is consistent with the hypothesis that sulphasalazine or a metabolite, possibly sulphapyridine, is directly toxic to developing spermatozoa. These studies confirmed the preliminary report and suggest that prolonged treatment with sulphasalazine may universally depress semen quality and cause reversible infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Lung mucociliary clearance in patients wit Young's syndrome.

Lung mucociliary clearance was measured in 14 patients with primary obstructive azoospermia and chest involvement (Young's syndrome) using the objective, in vivo radioaerosol technique. Lung mucociliary transport was significantly reduced in patients with Young's syndrome compared to 14 control subjects matched for physical characteristics, tobacco consumption and initial topographic distribution of tracer particles within the lungs. This finding indirectly supports the hypothesis that congenital abnormality in the propulsion of sperm in the ciliated epididymis results in the absence of sperm in the ejaculate.

Adult↗