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Biomedical subjects

W F Russell

Publications and source records attributed to W F Russell.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Selected Rorschach variables of psychopathic juvenile offenders.

Despite the widely accepted utility of assessing psychopathic personality features in forensic and clinical settings, the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991) stands virtually alone in its ability to do so with adequate reliability and validity. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the Rorschach Inkblot Method in assessing psychopathy in adult samples, but almost no studies are currently available investigating the Rorschach's ability to assess the condition in younger samples of precisely defined psychopathic groups. In this study, 66 male juvenile offenders, ages 14 to 17, were placed into 3 groups according to level of psychopathy as measured by the youth version of the PCL-R (PCL:YV; Forth, 1995). Nine Rorschach variables conceptually related to various psychopathic features were investigated. Two of the variables (Reflections and Texture Responses) demonstrated statistically significant differences across groups (p < .05). Two additional variables (Vista and White Space) were produced in patterns consistent with existing research, although only to a weak degree. The remaining variables (Egocentricity Index, Form Dimension, Pure Human Content, Inanimate Movement, and Diffuse Shading) did not differ across groups in the predicted directions. Overall, these results offer some support for the validity of the Rorschach as a method of detecting certain psychopathic personality features, including pathological narcissism and interpersonal detachment, in adolescent male offenders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Primary hypothyroidism presenting as a pituitary mass.

Pituitary enlargement secondary to primary hypothyroidism is a known but uncommon occurrence, which can be difficult to distinguish on computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from primary pituitary tumors. We describe a 33 year old female who was referred to a neurosurgeon for removal of a pituitary mass. The markedly elevated thyrotrophin stimulating hormone (TSH), absence of clinical features of hyperthyroidism, and low thyroid hormone values led to a diagnosis of pituitary enlargement secondary to primary hypothyroidism. The pituitary gland returned to normal size with thyroxine replacement therapy. Surgery was not indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Moyamoya disease in an adult with Down syndrome: comparison of magnetic resonance angiography and conventional angiography.

Moyamoya disease, or idiopathic progressive arteriopathy, is a vascular occlusive disease that results in stenosis of the internal carotid arteries, stimulating the development of collaterals and telangiectatic vasculature from basilar and leptomeningeal arteries. Within the past several years, several reports have suggested that children with Down syndrome can develop moyamoya vasculopathy. We present the first reported magnetic resonance angiographic diagnosis of moyamoya disease in an adult with Down syndrome. This was also confirmed by conventional cerebral angiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Experimental chronic compressive cervical myelopathy.

A canine model simulating both cervical spondylosis and its results in delayed progressive myelopathy is presented. This model allowed control of compression, an ongoing assessment of neurological deficits, and evaluation using diagnostic images, frequent electrophysiological tests, local blood flow measurements, and postmortem histological examinations. Subclinical cervical cord compression was achieved in 14 dogs by placing a Teflon washer posteriorly and a Teflon screw anteriorly, producing an average of 29% stenosis of the spinal canal. Four dogs undergoing sham operations were designated as controls. Twelve of the animals undergoing compression developed delayed and progressive clinical signs of myelopathy, with a mean latent period to onset of myelopathy of 7 months. Spinal cord blood flow studies using the hydrogen clearance method showed a significant transient increase in blood flow immediately after compression and a decrease before sacrifice. Somatosensory evoked potential studies indicated progressive deterioration during the period of compression. Magnetic resonance images revealed intramedullary changes. Histological studies showed abnormalities overwhelmingly within the gray matter, including changes in vascular morphology, loss of large motor neurons, necrosis, and cavitation. Axonal degeneration and obvious demyelination were rarely seen. The most profound morphological changes occurred at the site of greatest compression. It is proposed that a momentary arrest of microcirculation occurs during extension of the neck because of loss of the reserve space in the compromised spinal canal. This microcirculatory disturbance is predominant in the watershed area of the cord and mainly affects the highly vulnerable anterior horn cells, leading to neuronal death, necrosis, and eventual cavitation at the junction of the dorsal and anterior horns. Additional supportive evidence of this hypothesis was derived from the literature.

Angiography↗
PubMed1982

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in subclavian steal syndrome: recurrent stenosis and retreatment in two patients.

Two patients with proximal subclavian artery stenosis and "subclavian steal syndrome" by clinical and arteriographic criteria were treated with percutaneous transluminal balloon catheter angioplasty. Successful dilatation was obtained, but stenoses recurred at or near the dilated segments in both cases, necessitating repeat transluminal angioplasty. One patient eventually underwent surgical carotid-subclavian grafting. Factors influencing recurrent stenosis after transluminal angioplasty are discussed, including the choice of an optimal balloon inflation diameter, the pathophysiology of angioplasty, and the role of anticoagulation. Transluminal angioplasty may be a viable therapeutic alternative to operation in selected patients with occlusive subclavian disease.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1980

Ultrastructure of carotid plaques.

Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of the resected plaques from 11 patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions of the carotid artery bifurcation were carried out. The most common findings were mounds of atheromatous material, many of which appeared to be fractured and capped with fibrin-platelet exudates, projecting into the lumen of the vessels. Both small and large ulcer craters were identified, and attached bodies were present in three-fourths of the specimens studied. These consisted most commonly of platelet clumps and fibrin sheets and were intimately related to the atheroma.

Carotid Arteries↗
PubMed1975

Long-stay patients in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.

In September 1974 a study was made of all residents of the East London Borough of Tower Hamlets, aged 65 or more, who were known to have been receiving continuous medical and nursing care in hospital for more than a year. There were 91 geriatric and approximately 100 psychiatric patients, representing just under 1 per cent of the population over 65. Eighty geriatric and 15 psychiatric patients were studied in detail. Physical and mental incapacity were assessed on the basis of performance of practical tasks and simple tests of ability, and social incapacity from a study of social circumstances. Both geriatric and psychiatric patients showed extreme disability. Geriatric patients showed physical and intellectual incapacity, psychiatric patients intellectual incapacity. The commonest diagnosis among geriatric patients was dementia (70 per cent). Social factors, while unfavourable, did not in themselves account for prolonged hospital stay. The finding of only a very small number of long-stay patients handicapped by physical disability alone suggests that the majority of such patients are at home.

Aged↗