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Biomedical subjects

W F Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to W F Taylor.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Neurogenic vasodilator control of rabbit ear blood flow.

Ear blood flow subserves thermoregulation in the rabbit. The purpose of this study was to determine if the increase in rabbit ear blood flow, in response to increases in internal temperature (Ti) of approximately 2 degrees C (38.0-40.0 degrees C), is due to an active vasodilation or a withdrawal of adrenergic vasoconstrictor activity. New Zealand White rabbits were chronically instrumented with a pulse Doppler flow probe on the central ear artery of the left and right ear for the measurement of ear blood flow velocity (EBF, kHz). Catheters were also positioned in one occipital artery for selective administration of an alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist to one ear, while the contralateral ear served as a control. During hyperthermia (H) (increase in rectal temperature) alpha 1-adrenergic blockade had no effect on the maximum EBF (5.95 +/- 0.87 before vs. 6.11 +/- 1.04 kHz after). However, alpha 1-adrenergic blockade increased resting EBF during normothermia from 0.18 +/- 0.04 to 1.23 +/- 0.27 kHz (P less than 0.05), suggesting that a decrease in alpha 1-adrenergic tone may account for approximately 20% of the increase in EBF during heating. The second protocol was designed to determine if blockade of the auricular nerve would alter EBF response to H. During maximum EBF during H, saline or procainamide was injected in the tissue surrounding the auricular nerve. Injection of procainamide decreased EBF from 5.99 +/- 0.87 to 0.48 +/- 0.19 kHz, while injection of saline had no effect on EBF of the contralateral ear (4.33 +/- 1.16 before vs. 3.97 +/- 1.04 kHz after).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1979

Radiotherapy of intracranial astrocytomas: analysis of 417 cases treated from 1960 through 1969.

In a review of 417 intracranial astrocytomas treated radiotherapeutically at the Mayo Clinic from 1960 through 1969, the well-known correlation of tumor grade with survival was verified. Totally unexpected was the finding that age was fully as important a discriminant as tumor grade. Another unexpected finding was that patients treated with biopsy only followed by radiation therapy did as well as or slightly better than those subjected to resection followed by postoperative radiotherapy. We could not verify the importance to survival of either large dose or large volume radiotherapy, which has been emphasized by some. Patients receiving less than 1400 rets did just as well as or slightly better than those receiving more than 1400 rets. With low grade astrocytomas, survival beyond 4 years was significantly worse (higher death rates) in the group receiving more than 1400 rets. This suggested the possibility of radiation damage with delayed manifestations. We also could not verify an increased effectiveness for the generally accepted use of total brain irradiation for high grade gliomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Pulmonary vasculitis complicating childhood ulcerative colitis.

A case of pulmonary vasculitis complicating ulcerative colitis is presented, and the literature is reviewed. Unexplained pulmonary problems complicating severe ulcerative colitis should prompt a review of rare etiologies to include pulmonary vasculitis, apical pulmonary fibrosis, and salicylazosulfapyridine-induced lung disease. Lung biopsy will establish a diagnosis of pulmonary vasculitis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Leptomeningeal myeloma.

Multiple myeloma commonly produces neurologic symptoms when it involves the cranium or vertebrae, but rarely invades the CNS or meninges. Intracranial or intraspinal myeloma without lesions in the adjacent bone is extremely rare. To our knowledge, there are only ten reported cases of isolated myeloma in dura and/or brain, and only two limited to the leptomeninges. We wish to report the third case of isolated leptomeningeal myeloma. Both myeloma cells and abnormal globulins were present in the CSF, but absent from serum and bone marrow. Analysis of these 13 cases in dura, brain, or leptomeninges strongly supports the concept that abnormal proteins do not reach the CSF from the serum but are produced by myeloma cells in situ.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

A prospective randomized study of the efficacy of routine elective lymphadenectomy in management of malignant melanoma. Preliminary results.

To determine whether immediate or delayed lymphadenectomy is more beneficial than none in cases of localized (stage I) melanoma, we undertook in 1972 a prospective randomized study. Patients with midline trunk lesions were excluded as well as patients with lesions situated directly over the node-bearing area. In addition, because of the low risk of metastasis, the protocol was changed to exclude level 2 lesions. Of the 173 patients studied, 63 were randomized to no lymphadenectomy, 56 to delayed (3 months) lymphadenectomy, and 54 to immediate lymphadenectomy. None of these regimens differed significantly from the others in its effect on length of survival or interval to metastasis. And of the 110 patients who underwent elective lymphadenectomy, 103 were without nodal involvement. Our preliminary conclusion is that elective node dissection is not beneficial in management of melanoma. However, disease progression was advanced significantly by age of the patient (greater than 60 years) and by invasiveness (level 4 or 5) and thickness (greater than 1.5 mm) of the melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A prospective study of immune responsiveness in human melanoma. I. Assessment of initial pretreatment status with stage of disease.

The clinical findings in 262 patients with melanoma were correlated with an assessment of their cellular-mediated immunity by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin tests, by lymphocyte blastogenesis, and by leukocyte enumerations. Patients with systemic metastases (stage IV) and those with evidence of tumor burden had fewer positive DTH reactions for recall antigens than did patients with localized disease (stage I), patients with no evidence of tumor burden, and 227 normal controls. However, no differences were found in the magnitude of response among patients with melanoma or when compared with controls. Patients with melanoma had fewer responses to dinitrochlorobenzene (40% than did controls (98%), but there were no differences by stage or tumor burden. Similarly, blastogenesis in the presence of PHA, Con A, and PWM was depressed when compared with controls, but there was no meaningful correlation with the clinical status. Leukocyte, T cell, or B cell counts revealed no alteration from normal for the patients with melanoma. The usefulness of these studies for routine clinical monitoring is questioned.

Dinitrochlorobenzene↗
PubMed1978

Pulmonary function studies in healthy Pakistani adults.

Predicted normal spirometric values have been shown to have significant geographical and ethnic variation. These variations are of epidemiological significance in determining the prevalence of disease and of clinical importance in measuring the effects on pulmonary function of various diseases. A total of 599 men were chosen from employees of a package manufacturer, a general hospital in Lahore, and a village in northern Pakistan; 94 students and staff of a women's college in Lahore were also studied. The forced vital capacity (FVC) was recorded from three satisfactory efforts, and the FVC, one second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), and maximal midexpiratory flow (MMF, or FEF25-75%) were calculated from the best FVC effort. The FVC and FEV1 in men were found to be similar to those of a group of emigrant Pakistanis and a north-western Indian population (Delhi) but higher than populations in south and eastern India. Pakistani women had values similar to those of women in northern India. None of the women smoked and, among Pakistani men, the smokers (285) averaged 6.7 pack years. While the FVC and FEV1 values did not differ between smokers and non-smokers, there was a significant difference in MMF (FEF25-75%) in the two groups. This latter finding corroborates studies on North American populations in which smokers generally have had a higher lifelong cigarette consumption. This confirms the MMF (FEF25-75%) to be a more sensitive test of subtle, asymptomatic changes in pulmonary function than the more widely used FVC and FEV1.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Calcium flux during hemodialysis.

A system of equations has been derived, and examined, to decribed membrane permeability and calcium fluxes within a commonly used hemodialyzer, the Mini-Kiil. By a statistical technique of sequential multiple regression analysis, factors which might influence these variables were tested on data derived from 74 hemodialysis periods in 5 patients. Calcium flux from plasma to dialysate was influenced positively by dialysate calcium concentration and plasma volume flow and negatively by dialysate volume flow. Calcium flux from dialysate to plasma was influenced positively by dialysate calcium concentration and plasma volume flow and negatively by plasma phosphate concentration. Net calcium flux from dialysate to plasma was influenced positively by the calcium gradient (dialysate calcium minus plasma ultrafiltrable calcium) and plasma volume flow and negatively by plasma phosphate concentration (coefficient of multiple correlation =0.970). Because of the magnitude of regression coefficients, manipulations of the dialysate calcium concentration and plasma phosphate concentration were concluded to be the most practical means of adjusting calcium delivery during dialysis.

Calcium↗
PubMed1978

Trends and variability in survival from osteosarcoma.

Survival of patients with primary osteosarcoma who received traditional surgical management has been very poor. Several studies have reported the percentage of patients alive 3 years after first treatment to be between 20 and 25%. In a study of such patients first treated at the Mayo Clinic between Jan. 1, 1963, and July 1, 1974, the survival noted in the first few years was typical of that of other reports, about 25%. However, by 1972 through mid-1974, the 3-year survival had become 50%. This improvement was not the result of adjuvant treatment or any basic change in type of patient treated, yet it is similar to that reported in connection with some of the new adjuvant therapies used in trials depending on historical controls. Our results cast doubt on findings made in the absence of concurrent, randomly selected controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Adjuvant therapy for nonmetastatic osteogenic sarcoma: an evaluation of transfer factor versus combination chemotherapy.

A randomized study compared the effects of combination chemotherapy (high-dose methotrexate, adriamycin, and vincristine) with immunotherapy in the form of transfer factor in the adjuvant treatment of patients with nonmetastatic osteogenic sarcoma after apparent complete surgical ablation of the primary tumor. Thirty-two patients were evaluated. Of 22 patients who received chemotherapy, three died of drug-related complications and six were alive without disease recurrence between 260 and 673 days after operation. Ten patients in the transfer factor group converted their markers, and of these, five were alive without recurrence 420--753 days after operation. Neither treatment program was considered superior with respect to disease-free survival.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Cell-mediated cytotoxicity in chronic active liver disease: a new test system.

An in vitro cytotoxicity system was developed for studying patients with chronic active liver disease using as the target cells 51Cr-labeled avian erythrocytes coated with cell membrane lipoprotein extracted from human liver and, as the aggressors, mononuclear cells from peripheral venous blood. Approximately 50% of 62 patients with chronic active liver disease showed cytotoxicity in this test system as did 5% of 100 apparently healthy controls. In addition, mild cytotoxicity was shown by 2 of 8 patients with the primary biliary cirrhotic syndrome and 2 of 17 persons with other liver diseases. No specific antibody was added to the test system and the cytotoxicity could be inhibited by free lipoprotein, antilipoprotein, and by aggregated Ig. Cytotoxicity also was abolished by the depletion from the mononuclear cells of cells phagocytic for iron filings. The effect of depletion of these phagocytic cells was not restored by the addition of 2-mercaptoethanol. These findings add further evidence that autoimmune responses to liver tissue occur in many patients with chronic active liver disease and, importantly, suggest also that these may occur in some apparently healthy people.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Liver biopsy: complications in 1000 inpatients and outpatients.

We prospectively evaluated risk factors in 1000 consecutive patients who underwent liver biopsy: 829 outpatients and 171 inpatients. The two groups were similar except that the outpatient group had a higher percentage of patients with hepatitis-cirrhosis and a lower percentage with neoplasia when compared with the inpatient group (P less than 0.01). The inpatient group had more relative contraindications (P less than 0.01). Among the 1000 patients, none died and none required laparotomy. If moderate to severe pain or hypotension or both developed (5.9%), they first became manifest during a 3-hr period of observation after biopsy. Forty-four outpatients (5.3%) were hospitalized; 39 were dismissed within 36 hr and 5 within 4 days. Complications were more often experienced by those with relative contraindications (P less than 0.05) and increased number of passes (P less than 0.01). Inpatients with hepatitis-cirrhosis experienced more complications (P less than 0.05) than did patients with other diagnoses (12.8 versus 3.8%). Complications were not related to type of needle, site of entry, or experience of operator. Liver biopsy as an outpatient procedure is safe if facilities are available for 3 hr of observation and hospital support; 5% of patients will require immediate hospitalization.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A prospective comparison of current diagnostic tests for pancreatic cancer.

In 70 patients suspected of having pancreatic cancer, we prospectively compared results of seven diagnostic tests. Subsequent exploration (of 68) and liver biopsy (of two) demonstrated pancreatic cancer in 30, pancreatitis in seven, nonpancreatic neoplasms in nine and nonpancreatic non-neoplastic disease (or no disease) in 24. For detection of pancreatic disease, the best tests were the pancreatic-function test (cholecystokinin-stimulated enzyme outputs) and ultrasonography. The pancreatic scan was nonspecific (P less than 0.001), and thermography was insensitive (P less than 0.001). Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography and arteriography were significantly more sensitive than cytologic study in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (P less than 0.001). Therefore, when pancreatic cancer is suspected, abdominal ultrasound should be performed first, and if it is negative, a pancreatic-function test next. A positive result from either test warrants an endoscopic retrograde pancreatography for definitive diagnosis. This sequence identified 88 per cent of patients without pancreatic disease and 89 per cent with pancreatic cancer.

Adult↗