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W Fales

Publications and source records attributed to W Fales.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Examination for heat-labile, heat-stable, and Shiga-like toxins and for the eaeA gene in Escherichia coli isolates obtained from dogs dying with diarrhea: 122 cases (1992-1996).

OBJECTIVE: To examine Escherichia coli isolates obtained from dogs dying with diarrhea for heat-labile, heat-stable, and Shiga-like toxins and for the eaeA gene, which is associated with attaching and effacing lesions. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 122 dogs. PROCEDURE: E coli isolates were tested by means of dot-blot hybridization of DNA extracts of cultured bacteria. Medical records of dogs from which E coli isolates with virulence genes had been isolated were examined, and histologic findings and evidence of intercurrent bacterial and viral infections were recorded. RESULTS: None of the E coli isolates obtained from these dogs produced heat-labile, heat-stable, or Shiga-like toxins; however, E coli isolates from 44 of 122 dogs were found to have the eaeA gene. Histologically, multifocal bacterial adherence to the epithelium and epithelial necrosis and detachment were seen in colonic specimens from 20 of 44 (45%) dogs. Escherichia coli was the sole pathogen identified in 15 of 44 (34%) dogs. Intercurrent pathogens, including canine parvovirus (n = 19), Clostridium perfringens (8), rotavirus (5), hookworms (3), coccidia (3), and Salmonella agona (1), were identified in the remaining 29 (66%) dogs. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Attaching and effacing E coli can be a primary or secondary pathogen in dogs with diarrhea. Antibiotic treatment is indicated in dogs with diarrhea because of the possibility that it is primarily bacterial in origin and because, even if it is primarily viral in origin, there may be secondary bacterial infection.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed1993

The 'ring sign': is it a reliable indicator for cerebral spinal fluid?

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To study the development of a ring sign when blood is mixed with various fluids. METHODS: One drop of blood and one drop of either spinal fluid, saline, tap water, or rhinorrhea fluid were placed simultaneously on filter paper, and the specimens were examined after ten minutes for the development of a ring. A variety of filter paper agents were used, including standard laboratory filter paper, paper towels, coffee filters, and bed linens. RESULTS: All fluids, when mixed with blood, gave rise to a ring sign; blood alone did not. The type of filter paper did not affect the development of a ring. CONCLUSION: In this experimental setting, the ring or halo sign is reliable for detecting cerebrospinal fluids but is not exclusive for cerebrospinal fluid.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1992

Enteric Clostridium perfringens infection associated with parvoviral enteritis in dogs: 74 cases (1987-1990).

Parvovirus infection was confirmed by fluorescent antibody staining of or viral isolation from specimens of small intestine in 181 (17%) of 1,110 dogs necropsied between July 1, 1987 and Dec 31, 1990. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from 74 (69%) of 108 dogs with parvovirus infection from which specimens of jejunum also had been obtained for culture of anaerobic bacteria. Gram-positive bacilli in association with focal to diffuse necrosis of the superficial portions of the villi were observed in histologic sections of specimens of small intestine from 56 (98%) of 57 dogs from which parvovirus and C perfringens had been identified. These findings indicate that C perfringens frequently proliferates in dogs with parvovirus infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Coliform septicemia and pulmonary disease associated with canine parvoviral enteritis: 88 cases (1987-1988).

Parvovirus infection was confirmed by fluorescent antibody staining or viral culturing in 137 (22%) of 615 necropsy accessions from dogs at the Missouri Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory from Jan 1, 1987 through Sept 30, 1988. Septicemic colibacillosis was diagnosed in 88 (90%) of the 98 canine parvovirus-positive accessions in which liver or lung was cultured bacteriologically. Pulmonary edema or alveolitis similar to that seen in the human adult respiratory distress syndrome was observed in 63 (69%) of the 91 canine parvovirus-positive accessions in which the lungs were examined histologically.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does race or socioeconomic status predict adverse outcome after out of hospital cardiac arrest: a multi-center study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether socioeconomic status (SES) or race is associated with adverse outcome after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). METHODS: A convenience sample of OHCA of presumed cardiac origin from seven suburban cities in Michigan, 1991-1996. Median household income (HHI), utilizing patient home address and 1990 census tract data, was dichotomized above and below 1990 state median income. Patient race was dichotomized as black or white. Outcome was defined as survival to hospital discharge (DC). Multiple logistic regression and Pearson's chi2 values were used for analysis. RESULTS: Of 1317 cases with complete data for analysis, the average age was 67.3 +/- 16.0, 939 (71.1%) were white, 587 (44.4%) arrests were witnessed (WIT), and 65 (4.9%) were DC alive. There was no significant difference between races with respect to WIT arrests, V(T)/V(F) arrest rhythms, and a small difference in EMS response interval. Whites were more likely to be above median HHI (57.1 vs. 26.2%, P < 0.001). Adjusted odds ratios for predictors of survival were WIT arrest (OR = 3.76, 95% CI (1.7, 8.2)), V(T)/V(F) (OR = 8.74, 95% CI (3.7, 10.8), but not race (OR = 0.68, 95% CI (0.3, 1.4)) or SES (OR = 1.51, 95% C1 0.8, 2.8). CONCLUSION: In this population, neither race nor SES was independently associated with a worse outcome after OHCA.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The reliability of prehospital clinical evaluation for potential spinal injury is not affected by the mechanism of injury.

INTRODUCTION: Traditional EMS teaching identifies mechanism of injury as an important predictor of spinal injury. Clinical criteria to select patients for immobilization are being studied in Michigan and have been implemented in Maine. Maine requires automatic immobilization of patients with "a positive mechanism" clearly capable of producing spinal injury. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether mechanism of injury affects the ability of clinical criteria to identify patients with spinal injury. METHODS: In this multicenter prospective cohort study, EMS personnel completed a check-off data sheet for prehospital spine-immobilized patients. Data included mechanism of injury and yes/no determinations of the clinical criteria: altered mental status, neurologic deficit, evidence of intoxication, spinal pain or tenderness, and suspected extremity fracture. Hospital outcome data included confirmation of spinal injury and treatment required. Mechanisms of injury were tabulated and rates of spinal injury for each mechanism were calculated. The patients were divided into three different high-risk and low-risk groups. RESULTS: Data were collected for 6,500 patients. There were 209 (3.2%) patients with spinal injuries identified. There were 1,058 patients with 100 (9.4%) injuries in the first high-risk mechanism group, and 5,423 patients with 109 (2%) injuries in the first low-risk group. Criteria identified 97 of 100 (97%) injuries in the high-risk group and 102 of 109 (94%) in the low-risk group. Two additional data divisions yielded identical results. CONCLUSION: Mechanism of injury does not affect the ability of clinical criteria to predict spinal injury in this population.

Adult↗