Dr. Du Xiaoshan's personal experience in acupuncture treatment.
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Acupuncture Points↗
Biomedical subjects
W Fan
Publications and source records attributed to W Fan.
Changing pattern of heart diseases in Shanghai from the 1950s to 1980s.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern of dynamic change in types of heart diseases in the past 4 decades for providing a reference to treatment and prevention of heart diseases in China. METHODS: All adult cardiac patients admitted to the Zhong Shan Hospital and Hua Shan Hospital from 1948 to 1989 were analyzed. The constituent ratio of different heart diseases in the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s was compared. RESULTS: The percentage of heart diseases among medical inpatients increased in each of the recent 4 decades, from 9.89%, 15.69%, 20.90% to 23.54% respectively. The constituent ratio of different heart diseases changed, coronary heart disease constituted the highest proportion, next came rheumatic heart disease, and congenital heart disease was in third place. Congenital heart disease, myocarditis, cardiac dysrhythmia without organic heart disease, cardiomyopathy and endocarditis increased, rheumatic heart disease, pulmonary heart disease and hypertensive heart disease apparently decreased; syphilitic heart disease could rarely be encountered. CONCLUSION: China is now facing a low overall death rate, a long life expectancy and an aging population. The incidence of heart diseases increased gradually and patterns of heart diseases kept changing. The overall trend is that heart diseases which were not related to infection are increasing while heart diseases related to bacterial infection are decreasing.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
[The significance of inflammatory markers in sputum of asthmatic and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases patients before and after glucocorticoid treatment].
OBJECTIVE: To study the change of cytokines and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) level in the sputum before and after glucocorticoid (GC) inhalation treatment so as to comprehend their effect on asthmatic and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) patients. METHODS: A method to induce sputum with inhaled hypertonic saline was used. The level of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-8 and ECP was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS: The concentration of ECP decreased from (500.3 +/- 49.6) microg/L to (59.8 +/- 10.9) microg/L, the percentage of eosinophils (Eos) dropped from (11.6 +/- 1.7) x 10(-2) to (4.1 +/- 0.7) x 10(-2) and there is significant difference in the concentration of IL-5 in the group of asthmatic patients after GC treatment. However, the concentration of IL-5 in the COPD patients did not show significant change after the same therapy. CONCLUSION: Respiratory tract inflammation in asthma is related to Eos activation and increase in ECP and IL-5 excretion, while respiratory tract inflammation in COPD is related to neutrophil increase. These changes can be considered as the indicator of airway inflammation in asthma or COPD. Through regulating the quantity and function of the inflammatory cells and inhibiting the formation of cytokines to control the asthmatic airway inflammation, GC inhalation treatment will have better effect in treating asthmatic patients than COPD patients.
Administration, Inhalation↗
[The etiology of impotence in 327 diabetic male adults].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the etiology of impotence in diabetic male adults. METHODS: 327 diabetic men aged 20 - 70 years were interviewed; 129 (39.6%) of them complained of impotence. All the 129 patients were initially evaluated by diabetologists and then underwent psychosexual assessment by psychiatrists. In addition, evaluation for retinopathy, neuropathy, vascular disease and sex hormone level was carried out. RESULTS: The 327 diabetic patients were divided into four age ranges 25 - 34, 35 - 44, 45 - 54, and 55 - 70. The frequency of diabetic impotence in these groups was 9.7%, 34.2%, 48.0%, 62.7% respectively. Neuropathy was found in 79 (61.2%), psychogenic factor contributed in 66 (51.2%), vascular factor was present in 31 (24.0%), leakage of penile venous cavernosa occurred in 5 (3.9%), and treatment with impotence- related medications was the contributing factor in 2 (1.6%). There are significant differences of glycosylated hemoglobin, peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, and proliferative retinopathy between impotent and potent diabetic patients. The degree of psychological problem is more serious in the diabetic impotent patients than in potent patients according to Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) test. No significant difference was found in smoking, alcohol and plasma testosterone level. CONCLUSION: The etiology of diabetic impotence is multifactorial. Neuropathy is the main cause, but vascular and psychological factors also contribute to it significantly.
Adult↗
[The CT scan of the agger cell and its adjacent structure in endoscopic paranasal sinus surgery].
OBJECTIVE: To promote the development of endoscopic frontal sinus surgery and naso-lacrimal anastomosis surgery by studying the agger cells and their adjacent structures. METHODS: One hundred patients were observed by the continuous coronal CT scan and sagittal CT scan of the paranasal sinuses. Among them, 30 had deviation of nasal septum; 40 had chronic nasosinusitis. There were 80 adult and 20 children. RESULTS: (1) The agger cells existed in 99% of the cases, the development of the agger cells in 9-16 years old children, and adult had no difference; (2) The morphology of agger cells differed widely, but its relationship to the anterior border of the middle nasal concha, bulla ethmoidalis and nasolacrimal canal was quite stable; (3) The upward pneumatization of the agger cells was not related to deviation of nasal septum, but closely related to the development of the frontal sinus; (4) The anterior nasosinusitis often influenced the agger cells and might result in hyperosteogeny. CONCLUSION: The agger cells situated at the pathway of the intranasal frontal sinus during surgery and dacryocystorhinostomy, the nasal CT scan might be beneficial to the prevention of surgical complications.
Adolescent↗
[Spectral studies on the mechanism of rare earth poly (vinyl chloride) thermal stabilizers].
Rare earth Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) thermal stabilizers are one kind of effective and non-toxic stabilizers developed recently. By photoacoustic (PA) spectra and FT-IR analysis, their excellent performance in PVC stabilization progress can be studied conveniently. Good color remaining ability of rare earth stabilizers can be shown clearly by PA spectra and compared with others easily. From the IR spectrum and process data, the extra stabilization ability of rare earth stabilizers may be attributed to their conformation transforming effect.
English Abstract↗
Characterization of the human neurocan gene, CSPG3.
Neurocan is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan thought to be involved in the modulation of cell adhesion and migration. Its sequence has been determined previously in rat and mouse (Rauch et al., 1992. Cloning and primary structure of neurocan, a developmentally regulated, aggregating, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of the brain. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 19536-19547; Rauch et al., 1995. Structure and chromosomal location of the mouse neurocan gene. Genomics 28, 405-410). We describe here the complete coding sequence of the human neurocan mRNA, known as CSPG3, as well as mapping data, expression analysis, and genomic structure. A cDNA known as CP-1 was initially sequenced as part of a gene discovery project focused on characterizing chromosome 19-specific cDNAs. Sequence homology searches indicated close homology to the mouse and rat proteoglycan, neurocan (GenBank accession Nos X84727 and M97161). Northern analysis identified a brain-specific transcript of approx. 7.5kb. A longer cDNA clone, GT-5, was obtained, fine-mapped to the physical map of chromosome 19 by hybridization to a chromosome-specific cosmid library, and sequenced. Full coding sequence of the mRNA indicates a 3963bp open reading frame corresponding to a 1321 amino acid protein, similar to the protein length found in mouse and rat. The amino acid sequence of human neurocan shows 63% identity with both the mouse and rat sequences. Finally, genomic sequencing of a cosmid containing the complete neurocan gene was performed to determine the genomic structure of the gene, which spans approx. 41kb, and is transcribed in the telomere to centromere orientation.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Mahogany (mg) stimulates feeding and increases basal metabolic rate independent of its suppression of agouti.
The mahogany (mg) locus originally was identified as a recessive suppressor of agouti, a locus encoding a skin peptide that modifies coat color by antagonizing the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor or MC1-R. Certain dominant alleles of agouti cause an obesity syndrome when ectopic expression of the peptide aberrantly antagonizes the MC4-R, a related melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor expressed in hypothalamic circuitry and involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and metabolism. Recent work has demonstrated that mg, when homozygous, blocks not only the ability of agouti to induce a yellow coat color when expressed in the skin of the lethal yellow mouse (AY), but also the obesity resulting from ectopic expression of agouti in the brain. Detailed analysis of mg/mg AY/a animals, presented here, demonstrates that mg/mg blocks the obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and increased linear growth induced by ectopic expression of the agouti peptide. Remarkably, however, mg/mg did not reduce hyperphagia in the AY/a mouse. Furthermore, mg/mg induced hyperphagia and an increase in basal metabolic rate in the C57BL/6J mouse in the absence of AY. Consequently, although mahogany is broadly required for agouti peptide action, it also appears to be involved in the control of metabolic rate and feeding behavior independent of its suppression of agouti.
Agouti Signaling Protein↗
Contribution of protein charge to partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems.
Protein partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems based on phase-forming polymers is strongly affected by the net charge of the protein, but a thermodynamic description of the charge effects has been hindered by conflicting results. Many of the difficulties could be because of problems in isolating electrochemical effects from other interactions of phase components. We explored charge effects on protein partitioning in poly(ethylene glycol)-dextran two-phase systems by using two series of genetically engineered charge modifications of bacteriophage T4 lysozyme produced in Escherichia coli. The two series, one in the form of charged-fusion tails and the other in the form of charge-change point mutations, provided matching net charges but very different polarity. Partition coefficients of both series were obtained and interfacial potential differences of the phase systems were measured. Multi-angle laser light scattering measurements were also performed to determine second virial coefficients. A semi-empirical model accounting for the roles of both charge and non-charge effects on protein partitioning behavior is proposed, and the results predicted from the model are compared to the results from the experiments.
Bacteriophage T4↗
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of N,N'-diarylguanidines as potent sodium channel blockers and anticonvulsant agents.
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships (SAR) are described for a series of N,N'-diarylguanidines related to N-acenaphth-5-yl-N'-(4-methoxynaphth-1-yl)guanidine (3) as anticonvulsants through blockade of sodium channels. SAR studies on compound 3 led to several simpler diphenylguanidines with improved in vitro and in vivo activity. Compounds were screened for blockade of sodium channels in a veratridine-induced [14C]guanidinium influx assay (type IIA sodium channels) and for anticonvulsant activity in the audiogenic DBA/2 mouse model. Results indicated that N, N'-diphenylguanidines substituted with flexible and moderate size lipophilic groups were preferred over aryl and/or hydrophilic groups for biological activity. Among the compounds studied, n-butyl- and/or n-butoxy-containing guanidines showed superior biological activity. A possible relationship between in vitro and in vivo activity of this compound series and their measured/calculated lipophilicities was investigated. Compounds of this series showed only weak NMDA ion channel-blocking activity indicating that the anticonvulsant activity of these compounds is unlikely to be mediated by NMDA ion channels but, more likely, by acting at voltage-gated sodium channels.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
[A molecular variant of angiotensinogen gene is associated with myocardial infarction in Chinese].
OBJECTIVE: A molecular variant of the angiotensinogen(AGT) gene with threonine instead of methionine at position 235(i.e.,with M235T polymor- phism) has been shown to be associated with essential hypertension, preeclampsia, coronary atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease(CHD), myocardial infarction(MI) in Caucasians and in Japanese. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether the M235T polymorphism was associated with MI in a Chinese population. METHODS: M235T polymorphism in exon 2 of AGT gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and restriction endonuclease analysis in a study of 57 patients with MI and 76 non-CHD individuals as control. RESULTS: The frequencies of T235 allele(0.82) and 235TT genotype (0.70) in the MI group were higher than those in the control subjects(0.63 and 0.42 respectively, P=0.013 and P<0.025). AGT gene 235TT genotype was at significantly increased risk of MI(odds ratio 3.65, P=0.016) in analysis adjusted for several main CHD risk factors. CONCLUSION: There is a significant association between AGT gene 235TT genotype and MI, this genotype might be an independent risk for MI in Chinese population.
Aged↗
Effects of procainamide on wave-front dynamics during ventricular fibrillation in open-chest dogs.
BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that both functional reentrant wave fronts and multiple wavelets are present during ventricular fibrillation (VF). However, the effects of procainamide on the characteristics of activation waves during VF are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seven dogs were studied; six underwent subendocardial chemical ablation procedures. A plaque with 317 to 480 bipolar electrodes was sutured to the right ventricular free wall, and the patterns of activation were registered with a computerized mapping system. VF was electrically induced, and the patterns of activation were registered at baseline and during procainamide infusion (serum concentration, 9.3+/-1.9 microg/mL). Among the six dogs that had their subendocardium ablated, reentrant wave fronts were present in 6 of the 108 runs of VF at baseline and in 6 of the 100 runs of VF during procainamide infusion. By analyzing the wave fronts, we found that the cycle length, refractory period, conduction velocity, and wavelength at baseline were 101+/-9 ms, 54+/-5 ms, 0.93+/-0.21 mm/ms, and 51+/-16 mm, respectively, and during procainamide infusion, values became 125+/-11 ms (P<.001), 119+/-7 ms (P<.001), 0.42+/-0.02 mm/ms (P<.001), and 50+/-4 mm (P=.8), respectively. The vast majority of the activation waves do not form organized reentry. These activation waves broke up more frequently at baseline than during procainamide administration. The number of activation waves was 7.25+/-1.39 s(-1) x cm(-2) at baseline and 4.45+/-1.80 s(-1) x cm(-2) during procainamide administration (P<.001). The dog without subendocardial ablation had similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Procainamide decreases the number of wavelets during VF by preventing spontaneous wave breaks. This represents a novel mechanism of antiarrhythmic drug action.
Animals↗
Isolation and characterization of RAD51C, a new human member of the RAD51 family of related genes.
The yeast and human RAD51 genes encode strand-transfer proteins that are thought to be involved in both recombinational repair of DNA damage and meiotic recombination. In yeast, the Rad51 family of related proteins also includes Rad55, Rad57 and Dmc1. In mammalian cells, five genes in this family have been identified (HsRAD51, XRCC2, XRCC3, RAD51B/hREC2 and HsDMC1), and here we report the isolation of the sixth member, RAD51C. RAD51C was originally identified by a computer screen of the EST database. A full-length approximately 1.3 kb cDNA clone has been isolated that encodes a protein of 376 aa, having a 18-26% aa identity with other human Rad51 family members. RAD51C includes a previously mapped sequenced-tagged site location near the end of chromosome 17q. The RAD51C transcript is expressed in various human tissues, with highest level of expression in testis, followed by heart muscle, spleen and prostate. Yeast two-hybrid experiments indicate that the Rad51C protein binds to two other members of the Rad51 protein family (Xrcc3 and Rad51B) but not to itself. These findings suggest that Rad51C may function similarly to the yeast Rad55 or Rad57 proteins, rather than as a Rad51 functional homolog.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Identification of altered expression of ADP/ATP translocase during cellular senescence in vitro.
In this study, we have used the mRNA differential display technique to investigate the changes in gene expression that occur in the process of cellular aging. A number of cDNAs whose corresponding mRNAs are either increasingly or decreasingly expressed in senescent cells were thereby isolated. Through DNA sequencing, one of these differentially displayed mRNAs was identified as mitochondrial ADP/ATP translocase. The altered expression of ADP/ATP translocase in different stages of senescent fibroblasts was further confirmed by Northern blots and semiquantitative RT-PCR. Our results demonstrate that expression of ADP/ATP translocase is progressively decreased during the process of in vitro cellular senescence. Further analyses with MTT assays indicate that the decreased expression of ADP/ATP translocase in senescent cells is in parallel with the decline of mitochondrial functions, suggesting that altered expression of this important mitochondrial enzyme might play an active role in the process of cellular senescence.
Base Sequence↗
XRCC2 and XRCC3, new human Rad51-family members, promote chromosome stability and protect against DNA cross-links and other damages.
The phenotypically similar hamster mutants irs1 and irs1SF exhibit high spontaneous chromosome instability and broad-spectrum mutagen sensitivity, including extreme sensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents. The human XRCC2 and XRCC3 genes, which functionally complement irs1 and irs1SF, respectively, were previously mapped in somatic cell hybrids. Characterization of these genes and sequence alignments reveal that XRCC2 and XRCC3 are members of an emerging family of Rad51-related proteins that likely participate in homologous recombination to maintain chromosome stability and repair DNA damage. XRCC3 is shown to interact directly with HsRad51, and like Rad55 and Rad57 in yeast, may cooperate with HsRad51 during recombinational repair. Analysis of the XRCC2 mutation in irs1 implies that XRCC2's function is not essential for viability in cultured hamster cells.
Animals↗
Differential frequency-dependent reflex integration of myelinated and nonmyelinated rat aortic baroreceptors.
Electrical activation of myelinated (A type) and nonmyelinated (C type) baroreceptor axons (BR) in aortic depressor nerve (ADN) evoked baroreflex changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in chloralose-urethan-anesthetized rats. Low stimulation intensities (<3 V) activated only A-type BR electroneurograms (ENG). A-type selective stimulus trains required minimum frequencies >10 Hz to evoke reflex MAP decreases, and the largest MAP responses occurred at 50 Hz and higher. In contrast, high stimulation intensities (18-20 V) maximally activated two volleys in ADN ENG corresponding to A- and C-type BR volleys. High-intensity trains decreased MAP at low frequency (1 Hz) and largest reflex responses at >/=5 Hz. Capsaicin (Cap) applied periaxonally to ADN selectively blocked C-type ENG volleys but not A-type volleys. Reflex curves with supramaximal intensity during Cap were indistinguishable from the pre-Cap, low-intensity baroreflexes. In comparison, vagus ENG showed graded Cap block of the C-fiber volley (ED50 = 200 nM) without significant attenuation of the A-type volley below 1 microM. However, 100 microM Cap blocked conduction in all myelinated vagal axons as well as C-type axons. Thus Cap is selective for sensory C-type axons only at low micromolar concentrations. Myelinated and nonmyelinated arterial BR evoke characteristically different frequency-response reflex relations that suggest distinct differences in sensory information processing mechanisms.
Action Potentials↗
[The role of lens epithelium in cataract formation in diabetic rats].
This study was designed to evaluate the changes and the role of lens epithelium in sugar cataract formation, in regard to the fact that the highest level of aldose reductase is found in this layer of lens. By light and electron microscopy, we examined the histological changes of central epithelium in lens of rats made diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ) with or without AL1576, an aldose reductase inhibitor, at varying periods of time ranging from 5 to 40 days after intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Also, we examined Na-K-ATPase activity in lens epithelium of rats with diabetes, diabetes plus AL1576 and normal controls at the time of 30 days. The results showed that the first detectable abnormalities occurred after 15 days of STZ injection and were limited to the lens epithelium; cell edema, intracellular vacuoles and extention of rough endoplasmic reticulum pool were remarkable; that AL1576 could prevent almost all of the lesion mentioned above; and that Na-K-ATPase activity in lens epithelium of rats with diabetes increased at the time of 30 days. The findings suggest that lens epithelium may play an important role in sugar cataractogenesis.
Aldehyde Reductase↗
[Expression of P62c-myc protein in breast cancer and its clinical significance].
The objective of this study was to determine the clinical significance of P62c-myc protein expression in breast cancer. P62c-myc protein was detected in 107 patients with breast cancer by immunohistochemical techniques (LSAB). The results showed that the positive rate of P62c-myc protein expression was 63.55% (68/107). The overexpression of P62c-myc protein related negatively with survival. 94.00% of the cases with overexpression of P62c-myc protein survived < or = 5 years, 65.00% survived > 5 years-< 10 years, and 21.62% survived > or = 10 years. There were significant associations of P62c-myc expression with advance clinical stage, high histological grade, and positive axillary node status in breast cancers. All of these findings suggested that overexpression of P62c-myc might be an important prognostic factor, and the detection of P62c-myc protein might be arranged as a regular pathological examination in the cases of breast cancer.
Adolescent↗