PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W Flieger

Publications and source records attributed to W Flieger.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Survival in the perinatal period: a prospective analysis.

A prospective study of 3080 Filipino mothers and non-twin births in 33 communities is used to study the determinants of mortality in week 1 postpartum. The results show significant nonlinear birth weight effects and the importance of environmental contamination, particularly for infants born by traditional methods at home, and several other intermediate and underlying determinants of perinatal mortality. The pathways through which important sociodemographic factors affect perinatal mortality are also presented.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1993

Nutrition, lactation, and birth spacing in Filipino women.

The Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey is used to examine the roles of women's nutrition and infant feeding in determining time from birth to menses and time from menses to conception. The analysis sample includes 2,648 Filipino women followed for 24 months postpartum. Recently devised statistical estimation techniques to control for unobserved heterogeneity and endogeneity are employed in estimating a two-state hazard model. Low body mass index and lower dietary fat intake are associated with increased duration of postpartum amenorrhea. Contraceptive use, high dietary fat consumption, higher parity, and absence of spouse predict a longer waiting time to conception once menses have returned. Simulation of the hazard model is used to examine the effects of the key nutrition and lactation factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Growth dynamics during the first two years of life: a prospective study in the Philippines.

This study examines determinants of growth from birth to 24 months in a sample of approximately 3000 urban and rural Filipino children. Individual, household, and community data were collected bimonthly during the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. Separate longitudinal, multivariate models were used to identify determinants of weight in children from birth to 6 months and 6-24 months of age. Previous weight, male gender, mother's height, and season of the year showed significant positive associations with weight in all models. Full and mixed breast-feeding significantly increased weight, but the effects of breast-feeding declined as children got older. Breast-feeding had a direct growth-enhancing effect in addition to its indirect effect through the prevention of diarrheal morbidity. Detrimental effects of recent diarrheal morbidity were particularly important in the older age group, but these effects were mitigated by breast-feeding. Since infant feeding variables are included in the models, the results strongly suggest an effect of diarrheal morbidity on growth independent of its known effects on infant feeding and dietary intake. Febrile respiratory infections had important detrimental effects on weight in both age groups.

Body Height↗
PubMed1991

Influences on the extent of breast-feeding: a prospective study in the Philippines.

There has been much controversy about the impact of the health sector and the infant food industry on breast-feeding behavior. This study links causal factors to breast-feeding decisions, using a longitudinal survey of more than 3,000 Filipino mother-infant pairs. Most factors decreasing the likelihood that mothers will breast-feed seem to be related to family economics. Delivery in a private hospital, urban residence, high income, absence of spouse, and having worked for wages affect adversely the initiation of breast-feeding. Formula advertising and distribution of samples appear to have relatively little impact on feeding decisions.

Advertising↗
PubMed1990

Changes in breast-feeding in the Philippines 1973-1983.

Only limited research has been conducted on the patterns and determinants of changes over time in the extent and duration of breast-feeding. Methods are used that allow the examination of the effects of changes in population characteristics and behavioral factors on breast-feeding outcomes. Comparable national surveys are employed to examine the factors associated with the combination of a decline in the extent of and an increase in the duration of breast-feeding between 1973 and 1983 in the Philippines. Important differences are found in the factors explaining the extent and duration of breast-feeding between 1973 and 1983.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Breast-feeding and diarrheal morbidity.

This study used a unique longitudinal survey of more than 3000 mother-infant pairs observed from pregnancy through infancy. The sample is representative of infants from the Cebu region of the Philippines. The sequencing of breast-feeding and diarrheal morbidity events was carefully examined in a longitudinal analysis which allowed for the examination of age-specific effects of feeding patterns. Because the work controlled for a wide range of environmental causes of diarrhea, the results can be generalized to other populations with some confidence. The addition to the breast-milk diet of even water, teas, and other nonnutritive liquids doubled or tripled the likelihood of diarrhea. Supplementation of breast-feeding with additional nutritive foods or liquids further increased significantly the risk of diarrhea; most benefits of breast-feeding alone or in combination with nutritive foods/liquids became small during the second half of infancy. Benefits of breast-feeding were slightly greater in urban environments.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1989

Contraceptive prevalence and continuation: a longitudinal analysis of traditional and other method users in the Philippines.

Contraceptive prevalence rates and estimates of continuation rates are derived from unique longitudinal data on post-partum behaviour collected in the Cebu region of the Philippines. Continuation rates vary by base-line and time-varying socioeconomic characteristics for certain contraceptive methods and for using no contraception. Calendar rhythm users have a much lower relative continuation rate than has been found in cross-sectional samples. For women who use a contraceptive method, breast-feeding does not appear to influence contraceptive continuation, but for those who use no methods, breast-feeding appears to substitute for other forms of contraception. Profiles by socioeconomic characteristics of those who continue to use each type of contraceptive method and who use no method could be used to direct family planning programmes towards population sub-groups. The results suggest that for women wishing to postpone a pregnancy, a family planning programme aimed at the young and less educated could effectively increase contraceptive use and continuation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Breastfeeding trends in the Philippines, 1973 and 1983.

This paper examines comparable national surveys of breastfeeding from the Philippines carried out in 1973 and 1983. The probability of breastfeeding at selected infant ages is estimated, using the weighted life table. The conclusions are that a 5 per cent decline in the proportion of infants ever breast-fed occurred during the referenced period, and that median length of breastfeeding remained essentially the same.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1985

Current fertility: a first glimpse from the 1983 National Demographic Survey.

This paper highlights initial findings from the 1983 National Demographic Surveys (NDS) based on a 25% sub-sample of the survey respondents. The discussion focuses on measures of current fertility as well as on selected fertility "predictors" for the 3 major island groups -- Luzon, Visay, and Mindanao. Owing to the restrictive nature of the data set, no statistical tests are performed to measure the influence on fertility of these explanatory variables. Instead, inferences are drawn from a descriptive analysis of the patterns exhibited. Findings point to a continuation of fertility decline as evidenced by the estimated crude birthrate of 33.6 births/1000.

Asia↗