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Biomedical subjects

W G Brydon

Publications and source records attributed to W G Brydon.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The effects of dietary gum karaya (Sterculia) in man.

Following a 7-day control period, 5 male volunteers consumed 10.5 g gum karaya (GK) daily for 21 days. Measurements before and at the end of the test period showed that the ingestion of GK had no significant effect on the following: intestinal transit time, faecal wet or dry weight, concentrations of faecal fat, total and individual volatile fatty acids, bile acids, and neutral sterols; breath hydrogen and methane concentrations; glucose tolerance; serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids; plasma biochemistry; haematological indices; urinalysis parameters. The daily test intake, which was large in relation to the very minor amounts of GK used in foodstuffs, did not cause any toxic effects in terms of the wide range of measurements made; moreover the GK had no metabolic action of any consequence.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Measurement of water-holding properties of fibre and their faecal bulking ability in man.

Experiments to measure the effect of a fibre source in the diet on stool bulk are difficult and lack precision. In vitro methods which would identify fibre sources that are effective for clinical and epidemiologic use would be valuable. One important property of fibre which influences the ability of fibre to increase stool weight is its water-holding capacity (WHC). WHC was measured using centrifugation, filtration, suction pressure and water flow-rate techniques using fibre concentrates of potato, cereal bran and gum arabic. Dietary supplementation of three preparations of potato fibre (20 g/d) had no significant effect on stool weight but 16 g bran/d increased stool weight from 107 (SE 44) g/d to 174 (SE 51) g/d. The effects of these fibres on stool weight can be related to the nature of the water-holding properties of fibre rather than absolute WHC.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A study of the effects of dietary gum arabic in humans.

Gum arabic administered to men for 3 wk has little effect on glucose tolerance and stool weight, but decreases the serum cholesterol. There was no significant increase in fecal bile acids and neutral sterols. Breath hydrogen increased only after chronic administration. Gum arabic could not be recovered from the stool which suggests metabolism of gum arabic in the colon.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of ileal function using 23-selena-25-homotaurocholate, a-gamma-labeled conjugated bile acid. Initial clinical assessment.

23-Selena-25-homotaurocholate is a synthetic bile acid labeled with a gamma-ray-emitting radioisotope 75Se. It is readily measured using external detectors and is thus suitable for whole-body counting. Whole-body retention was measured at 0, 4, and 7 days after oral administration to normal controls and to patients with disease of the small intestine, colon, or ileocecal region. Whole-body retention of less than 25% of the administered radioactivity within 4 days is definitely abnormal, but there was overlap between normal and abnormal groups at this time. At 7 days, whole-body retention less than 12% is abnormal and greater than 19% is normal. Between these limits, values may represent minimal ileal dysfunction not demonstrable by older techniques. Excretion of 23-selena-25-homotaurocholate follows a biexponential curve. The faster component has a half-life similar to that of natural bile acid. It is uncertain whether the slower component represents a hitherto unrecognized slowly turning over pool of bile acid or is a metabolic product of 23-selena-25-homotaurocholate not yet identified in vitro. There is a significant relationship between the whole-body retention of 23-selena-25-homotaurocholate and total fecal and primary bile acids. 23-selena-25-homotaurocholate is simple and acceptable for investigating ileal function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A study of diet, serum lipids, and fecal constituents in spouses.

The diet, serum cholesterol, and fecal constituents of 23 healthy spouses have been compared. The pattern of food intake between couples was similar, but of dietary constituents, only dietary fat and fiber intake showed a significant correlation. Of fecal constituents, only fecal fat correlated significantly between couples.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Diet and faecal lipids following cholecystectomy in men.

Faecal characteristics and diet have been investigated in male subjects following cholecystectomy and in age-matched controls. Daily faecal fat excretion and concentration were significantly higher in the post-cholecystectomy subjects. Bile acid and neutral sterol excretion and concentration were not significantly different. Although diets did not differ in any respect, the stool weight was significantly higher in post-cholecystectomy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The influence of pentose on breath methane.

In a population study the concentration of methane in the expired breath of methane-producing subjects was significantly related to the dietary intake of noncellulosic polysaccharide pentose (p less than 0.01) and to the intake of lignin (p less than 0.05). The single dose administration of complex polysaccharide sources rich in pentoses to fasting subjects did not result in an increase in methane production when measured over 5 h. The single dose administration of D(+) xylose and L(+) arabinose led to a significant increase in methane excretion in methane producers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The effect of dietary fibre on bile acid metabolism in rats.

1. Forty-eight male rats were fed sequentially for 14 d periods on diets containing different fibre contents. 2. One of the high-fibre diets was a commercial pelleted diet. The other was a low-fibre diet supplemented with 200 g wheat bran/kg. 3. At the end of each feeding period eight rats were killed. Liver microsomal cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.1.-) activity and bile acid content of small intestine and colon were determined. 4. The different diets did not significantly alter the total intestinal bile acids, but affected the distribution and qualitative pattern in the colon and small intestine. 5. On the high-fibre diets deoxycholate, and hyodeoxycholate tended to be increased. 6. On the low-fibre diets the alpha, beta- and omega-muricholic acids tended to be increased. 7. Liver microsomal cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity was lower in rats on the low-fibre and bran-supplemented low-fibre diets compared with that in rats fed on the commercial pelleted diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A study of bulking agents in elderly patients.

A study comparing the effects of bran and ispaghula in constipated elderly patients is described. Ispaghula and bran increased the wet and dry stool weight. There were no serious side-effects and no change in colonic pressures. The use of these bulking agents is shown to be better than the traditional use of laxatives in the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

The effect of dietary psyllium hydrocolloid and lignin on bile.

Animal experiments suggest that supplementing the diet with either psyllium seed husk or lignin alters the ratio of deoxycholic acid to chenodeoxycholic in bile. In this study dosages of psyllium seed husk or lignin acceptable to patients with gallstones do not appear to alter the relative amounts of cholesterol, or individual bile acids in the bile.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The effect of a natural high-fiber diet on serum lipids, fecal lipids, and colonic function.

In a cross-over experiment, 46 young healthy volunteers consumed in succession a high-fiber and a low-fiber diet for 3 weeks at two levels of dietary cholesterol. Half of the dietary fiber came from fruits and vegetables, and the rest from bread and other cereal products. On the high-fiber diet, concentrations of serum cholesterol decreased on average by 0.44 mmole/liter with high-cholesterol and 0.31 mmole/liter with low-cholesterol regimes; high density lipoprotein-cholesterole decreased by 0.1 mmole/liter; on average fecal weight increased by 115 g/day and mean transit time through the gut was decreased by 18 hr. Only part of the decrease in serum cholesterole may be due directly to the high intake of dietary fiber components. The remainder is due to differences in fat intake: during the high-fiber period subjects consumed less fat and cholesterol than had been planned.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The effect of raw carrot on serum lipids and colon function.

Two hundred grams of raw carrot eaten at breakfast each day for 3 weeks significantly reduced serum cholesterol by 11%, increased fecal bile acid and fat excretion by 50%, and modestly increased stool weight by 25%. This suggests an associated change in bacterial flora or metabolism. The changes in serum cholesterol, fecal bile acids, and fat persisted 3 weeks after stopping treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Colonic function in patients with diverticular disease.

Diverticular disease is thought to be associated with prolonged intestinal transit-time, a reduced stool weight, and increased intracolonic pressure. Sixty patients with diverticular disease did not regularly show these features. Variation in colonic function was considerable in these patients and was similar to that in the general population from which the patients were recruited. Constipation may be a complication of diverticular disease and not necessarily part of its aetiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of bran, ispaghula, and lactulose on colon function in diverticular disease.

Bran, ispaghula (Fybogel), and lactulose were given to three groups of patients with diverticular disease for four weeks. Faecal weights, bile acids, fat and electrolytes, transit time, and colonic motility were estimated before and after treatment. Stool weight increased, notably with Fybogel. Cereal bran had the greatest effect on the transit time, reducing it significantly. There were no changes in faecal bile acids, fat or electrolytes. Coarse bran reduced colonic motility and the number of high pressure waves after food; Fybogel increased the basal pressure and was without effect on the food-stimulated pressures; whereas lactulose influenced neither. All agents paradoxically equally alleviated symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Sea-blue histiocytosis associated with hyperlipidaemia.

A patient with sea-blue histiocytosis in spleen and bone marrow with an accompanying hyperlipidaemia is described. The hyperlipidaemia was due to an increase in "free" cholesterol, lecithin, and triglycerides. Despite these findings lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase activity was normal. Although the precise biochemical defect was not identified, there was a failure of transport of cholesterol from chylomicrons in vitro. We propose that the sea-blue histiocyte is a marker, in some cases, of abnormal lipid metabolism.

Adult↗