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Biomedical subjects

W G Guilford

Publications and source records attributed to W G Guilford.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Decreased urinary catecholamines in a cat with dysautonomia.

Feline dysautonomia was diagnosed in a 2-year-old cat with a history of regurgitation, constipation, mydriasis, and dry eyes. The diagnosis of parasympathetic and sympathetic failure was confirmed by abnormal physiologic autonomic function tests and decreased urinary catecholamine measurements. Despite intensive supportive care, the cat failed to improve and was euthanatized 70 days after the onset of illness. Feline dysautonomia is rarely reported in the United States, and the cat had no history of travel to a country where the disease is more prevalent.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Nutritional management of gastrointestinal tract diseases of dogs and cats.

Pharmaceutical agents are often given inappropriate precedence in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract diseases. Nutrients have marked influences on the gastrointestinal tract and manipulation of the diet provides clinicians with a powerful therapeutic strategy to be used alone or concurrently with drug therapy. During acute gastroenteritis a change from the animal's regular food to a diet containing novel protein sources minimizes the likelihood of acquired food allergies to the staple protein components of the diet. "Feeding through" diarrhea, a method used in human infants, has limited applicability in dogs and cats. The ideal diet for chronic small bowel-type diarrhea is highly digestible, gluten-free, hypoallergenic, isosmolar, low in fat and low in lactose. Dietary protein requirements increase in protein-losing enteropathy. Dietary fat is kept to a minimum during gastrointestinal dysfunction because malabsorbed fatty acids and bile acids cause secretory diarrhea. In diseases of the small bowel, it is traditional to use low fiber diets. This recommendation needs revision because the binding and gelling properties of fiber are of potential benefit in the treatment of small bowel diarrhea. High fiber diets are useful in most large bowel diseases. The specific fiber type used markedly influences the clinical result.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1990

Fecal incontinence, urinary incontinence, and priapism associated with multifocal distemper encephalomyelitis in a dog.

A 4-year-old castrated mixed-breed dog had atypical signs of chronic distemper encephalomyelitis. The predominant signs were related to visceral rather than somatic dysfunction. The visceral dysfunction was largely attributable to distemper-associated inflammatory lesions in the spinal cord and resulted in fecal incontinence, urinary incontinence, and priapism. Empirical treatment of the dog resulted in transitory improvement prior to euthanasia performed because of the progressive nature of the encephalomyelitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Upper GI endoscopy is a frequently performed endoscopic procedure that is particularly suited for the diagnosis of upper GI diseases with a luminal or mucosal location. Contraindications are few and complications are rare. Procedures that can be performed during upper GI endoscopy include mucosal biopsy, brush cytology, aspiration of duodenal fluid for culture and cytology, foreign body retrieval, bougienage of strictures, and endoscopic placement of gastrostomy tubes. Unresolved issues that face veterinary endoscopists include the interrelationship between contrast radiology and endoscopy, the advisability of routine combination of upper and lower GI endoscopy, the reasons for discordance among clinical signs, endoscopic appearance, and biopsy findings, and the role of post-treatment biopsies.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Diagnosis of dysautonomia in a cat by autonomic nervous system function testing.

Clinical signs of dysautonomia, including dilated pupils, dry mucous membranes, and megaesophagus, were observed in a cat. The diagnosis was confirmed by use of autonomic nervous system function testing including 0.1% pilocarpine and physostigmine ocular response tests, plasma catecholamine assays, and cardiovascular responses to various perturbations intended to elicit autonomic responses. The cause of the autonomic dysfunction was not ascertained, and the cat was euthanatized after 5 weeks of unsuccessful treatment with pilocarpine, metoclopramide, prochlorperazine, and parenteral nutrition.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ischaemia-reperfusion injury--a small animal perspective.

Disease processes that produce ischaemia are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in companion animals. The majority of damage to transiently ischaemia tissues occurs following reperfusion and not during ischaemia per se. This discovery raises the encouraging prospect that therapeutic intervention prior to reperfusion may reduce the severity of ischaemic damage. Recently, the central role of oxygen-derived free radicals (oxyradicals) in reperfusion injury has been demonstrated. It appears that the adverse consequences of ischaemic diseases can be reduced by optimizing the anti-oxidant capability of tissues with anti-oxidant nutrients or drugs. The importance of oxyradicals in individual ischaemic diseases of the dog and cat, however, remains largely uninvestigated. Similarly, the best pharmaceutical and nutritional approaches to the therapy of oxyradical-mediated damage have yet to be devised.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enteric function in cats after subtotal colectomy for treatment of megacolon.

The enteric function of four cats that had undergone subtotal colectomy for megacolon was compared with that of four normal cats. All cats were fed the same diet before and during the study. History, physical condition, body weight, blood chemistry panel, fasting and postprandial serum bile acids, serum cobalamin concentration, serum folate concentration, fecal weight, fecal water content, fecal fat content, fecal osmolality and electrolyte concentration, quantitative anaerobic fecal bacterial culture, partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, breath hydrogen concentration, urinary calcium, phosphorus and electrolyte concentrations, and abdominal radiographic examination with air contrast studies (pneumocolon) were examined. The four cats treated surgically were healthy and thriving and, in general, enteric function was similar to the controls. Bowel movements occurred only slightly more frequently with no significant differences in fecal volume or water content. Serum cobalamin concentrations were significantly higher in cats treated surgically. Fecal sodium concentrations were high and fecal potassium concentrations were low. Results of this study did not show any significant subclinical evidence of abnormal bowel function in cats after subtotal colectomy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of gastroscopic food sensitivity testing in dogs.

The aims of this study were to develop a gastroscopic food sensitivity testing (GFST) technique for clinical use in dogs and to determine if the results of GFST were influenced by the feeding of a hypoallergenic diet immediately before the testing period ("unmasking"). The technical requirements for GFST were devised during a total of eight endoscopies performed in four healthy dogs. GFST was performed in anesthetized dogs in sternal recumbency. Food extracts were dripped onto the dependent aspect of the body of the stomach via plastic tubing passed through the endoscope. Changes were observed within 2 to 3 minutes of application, and included localized mucosal swelling and erythema, generalized mucosal erythema, and hyperperistalsis. The influence of "unmasking" was then examined in 6 atopic and 2 healthy dogs, which underwent GFST on three occasions, 4 weeks apart. Before the first and third testing periods, the dogs consumed a commercial dry dog food. For 5 days before the second testing period the dogs were fed a hypoallergenic elemental diet. Oral challenges were performed to identify which of the dogs had clinically overt immediate food sensitivity. Localized swelling was most frequently correlated with positive challenge PO. No positive reactions occurred in response to the negative control extract (lamb). The number of positive GFST results increased after feeding the hypoallergenic diet. In conclusion, these preliminary results indicate that GFST holds substantial promise for the diagnosis of immediate food sensitivities affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The sensitivity of the procedure appears to be enhanced by preceding testing with a hypoallergenic diet.

Allergens↗