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Biomedical subjects

W G McAdoo

Publications and source records attributed to W G McAdoo.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Parental alcoholism: an examination of male and female alcoholics in treatment.

This study investigated the implications of parental alcoholism in 639 male and female alcoholics who were in treatment. In comparison with persons who did not report a parental history of alcoholism (PA-), the 264 offspring of alcoholics (PA+) were characterized by higher levels of alcohol dependency and alcohol-related consequences, increased reports of use of other drugs and higher levels of MMPI-measured psychopathology. Comparisons of PA+ patients with PA- patients with the same age of onset of problematic alcohol use suggested that PA+ persons are characterized more by an early onset of alcoholism than by a more severe form of the disorder. Results with female PA+ alcoholics were similar to those obtained with their male counterparts, although PA+ women exhibited very high levels of MMPI-measured psychopathology in comparison to both PA+ men and PA- women.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Race and gender influence hemodynamic responses to psychological and physical stimuli.

To evaluate factors influencing hemodynamic responses to psychological and physical stress, 117 normotensive college students were studied. The standardized tests included arithmetic, Stroop word-color, mirror draw, isometric handgrip and cold pressor challenges. The responses of blood pressure and pulse during the tests were compared to the baseline measurements. All the challenges produced a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in systolic and diastolic pressure and pulse rate, with the greatest increase being seen with the isometric handgrip test. The increases in the systolic and diastolic pressure and the heart rate to the psychological stressors were highly correlated (P less than 0.001). The responses to the physical stressors were correlated for the diastolic pressure (P less than 0.01) and the heart rate (P less than 0.001), but not for the systolic pressure. The responses of the systolic and diastolic pressure, but not the heart rate, to the isometric handgrip correlated with the responses to the psychological stressors. The responses of the diastolic pressure and the heart rate, but not the systolic pressure, to the cold pressor stimulus correlated with the responses to the psychological stressors. The gender influenced the response to all the stressors with males having a greater (P less than 0.05) blood pressure response and a lesser (P less than 0.001) heart rate response than females. Black subjects had greater blood pressure responses to the cold pressor test and a greater diastolic pressure response to the handgrip, but there were no observed racial differences in the responses to the psychological stressors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Predicting rapid relapse following treatment for chemical dependence: a matched-subjects design.

Explored the prognostic significance of treatment and posttreatment variables on rapid relapse following residential treatment for chemical dependence. 54 persons were identified as 3-month treatment failures by the criteria of 1-3 months of alcohol/drug use in combination with alcohol/drug-related consequences and poor life adjustment. To limit heterogeneity, these persons were matched on MMPI scores with persons who were 3-month outcome successes. Additionally, these MMPI patterns were classified as near normal or indicative of psychiatric symptoms. Multivariate statistics revealed a high level of outcome predictability; continued emotional turmoil (depression, anxiety, and sleep problems) posttreatment was strongly related to failure among the psychiatric MMPI group. Failure to engage in a continuing posttreatment aftercare plan was associated with failure among persons in the near-normal MMPI group. Research approaches that attempt to limit heterogeneity among alcoholics appear to have promise in uncovering powerful prognostic indicators.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1982

Differentiating male and female alcoholics from psychiatric outpatients: the MacAndrew and Rosenberg Alcoholism Scales.

The concurrent validity of the MacAndrew and Rosenberg alcoholism scales was investigated in an age matched sample of 190 male and 150 female patients. Scores obtained by male and female alcoholics on the MacAndrew scale were significantly higher than those obtained by psychiatric patients. Although females score lower on the MacAndrew scale than males, the scale proved equally effective with both sexes. Using the standard MacAndrew cutting score of greater than 23, 80% of the male and 81% of female patients were correctly classified as either an alcoholic or a psychiatric patient. Scores on the Rosenberg composite index were not found to significantly discriminate between alcoholic and psychiatric patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A method for determining success following total hip replacement surgery.

The success of a total hip replacement surgery, using the hip evaluation form, was investigated in 2 groups of surgical patients which differed in terms of relative success of surgery. For the men, the group which did not respond as well to surgery had less education and were more retired individuals; this group also had more pain, less ambulation, and greater functional handicaps prior to surgery. For the women, there were no significant differences between the groups with regard to the demographic variables and the hip evaluation measures prior to surgery. The Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory administered following surgery suggests that the women who did not respond as well to surgery had more physical symptoms, anxiety, depression, and difficulties in relating to people.

Aged↗