Considerations in planning an ambulatory operating room pharmacy.
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Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
Biomedical subjects
W G Quandt
Publications and source records attributed to W G Quandt.
Computerized attendance surveillance to reduce absenteeism.
Computerized data on absenteeism were used as a basis for employee counseling and disciplinary action, and the effect of this program on absenteeism was assessed. In the pharmacy department of an 1100-bed tertiary-care hospital, a microcomputer program provides weekly print-outs of number of occurrences of absence, reason for absence, and total hours absent for each employee. When an employee is within 10 absent hours or one occurrence of exceeding departmental absenteeism standards, these data are used in informal counseling. If absenteeism standards are exceeded, oral or written warning is given within one week after the violation. Absenteeism among pharmacists and technicians was compared for a 90-day period after implementation of this program and the same period during the year before implementation. The computerized attendance-surveillance program was associated with decreases in the mean number of absence occurrences for both pharmacists and technicians, fewer warnings issued to each group, and an increase in the mean number of hours worked.
Absenteeism↗
Job content and pharmacists' job attitudes.
The relationships between job content and hospital pharmacists' work attitudes are examined. A 152-item questionnaire was mailed to 507 hospital pharmacists in southeastern Michigan. The questionnaire included measures of job dimensions, psychological states, and personal and work outcomes. Mean scores for 34 subscales consisting of 2-5 related items were computed. Background characteristics were also assessed. Using factor analysis, the respondents were categorized as clinical, inpatient, outpatient, or generalists depending on their reported relative time spent performing 23 nonadministrative job functions. Analysis of variance was performed across the four groups for each subscale; the level of significance was set at 0.001. The response rate was 56%, representing 283 completed questionnaires. The clinical, outpatient, inpatient, and generalist pharmacist groups consisted of 43, 36, 70, and 134 respondents, respectively. There was a prevalent trend in the rank order in which pharmacists in the four groups responded to various subscales. The clinical group had the highest scores for 13 of the 14 subscales that were significantly different across pharmacist groups. Alternatively, in all but one of the significantly different subscales the inpatient group ranked lowest. Because pharmacists in the clinical group consistently scored higher than the other groups on scales measuring components of job enrichment, the authors concluded that the challenge of hospital pharmacy managers is to adapt the positive features of clinical practice to other areas of the profession.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
Perceptions of work among men and women pharmacists in nonadministrative positions.
Perceptions of the types of duties performed by men and women hospital pharmacists in one section of a single state were studied, and differences in job attitudes that may be attributable to discriminatory job assignments are identified. A survey consisting of 153 questions was mailed to 507 pharmacists (328 men, 175 women, 4 whose sex was unknown) practicing in southeastern Michigan hospitals. Participants used a seven-point scale to rate the relative amounts of time they spent in various job activities. Activities were grouped as dispensing functions and clinical functions. Allotted time ratings for six clinical and six dispensing functions were averaged for each pharmacist. The survey used modules from the Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire to measure pharmacists' perceptions of the quality of their work. Information from 279 questionnaires (60% men) was analyzed. No difference was evident in the perceived amounts of time men and women spent performing clinical activities. Women reported significantly greater time than men performing dispensing functions. Based on job dimensions, psychological states, and personal and work outcomes, a higher level of job satisfaction was expressed by men than by women. Men and women nonadministrative hospital pharmacists in this limited study perceived thier tasks differently.
Age Factors↗