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Biomedical subjects

W G Reeves

Publications and source records attributed to W G Reeves.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Monoclonal antibodies to human IgG: reaction characteristics in the centrifugal analyzer.

We used monoclonal antibodies to human IgG in a kinetic turbidimetric method with a centrifugal analyzer. Results for total IgG with monoclonal and polyclonal reagents correlated well (r = 0.979). Within- and between-batch CVs compared favorably (3.1 and 4.8%, respectively, for polyclonal antisera and 3.5 and 4.0%, respectively, for monoclonal reagents). The monoclonal antibody combination used was shown to be of high titre, with an avidity toward the lower end of the range seen with conventional antisera to IgG. It displayed reaction characteristics similar to those observed with polyclonal antisera, although the time scale of reaction was extended and the effective concentration range was narrowed. Single monoclonal antibodies may not produce complexes of a size exhibiting measurable turbidity when reacted with soluble antigen. However, evidence is presented for the incorporation of such complexes into precipitates produced by other related antigen-antibody systems.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1980

Insulin-induced lipoatrophy: evidence for an immune pathogenesis.

Skin biopsy samples from 14 diabetic patients with lipoatrophy at injection sites and from five insulin-treated diabetic patients without such lipoatrophy (controls) were examined by immunofluorescence for the deposition of immunological components. Also sera from 13 of the patients with lipoatrophy and from all of the controls were assayed for insulin-binding capacity. Biopsy samples from the edge of lipoatrophic areas (eight cases) invariably showed abnormal deposition of immunological components in dermal vessel walls, whereas no such deposition was seen in the control samples. Mean serum insulin-binding capacity was 33.1 microgram/l in the patients with lipoatrophy compared with only 4.6 microgram/l in the controls. These findings suggest that insulin-induced lipoatrophy results from the local formation of immune complexes, complement fixation, and release of inflammatory mediators from the cellular infiltrate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Chemiluminescence of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages stimulated by immune precipitates and soluble immune complexes.

The chemiluminescence (CL) response of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages to immune precipitates and soluble immune complexes has been investigated. The rapid burst of intense light emission observed in response to both stimuli, was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). With soluble immune complexes, this was followed by prolonged CL of lower intensity susceptible to both SOD and catalase inhibition. The magnitude of the CL response was directly related to seize the size of the soluble complexes reacting with the macrophages. These findings suggest that circulating, as distinct from deposited immune complexes, may play a role in the pathogenesis of complex-mediated diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

An immunochemical method for the quantitation of insulin antibodies.

A 125I-labelled insulin binding assay is described in which IgG antibody is precipitated by the addition of an optimal concentration of second antibody. Other features include the removal of unlabelled insulin from test sera prior to assay and the use of 22Na as a volume marker. This approach overcomes problems associated with previous assays for insulin antibodies. Clear differences are seen in the IgG insulin binding capacity (IBC) of sera from patients with insulin resistance and injection site lipo-atrophy when compared with insulin-treated diabetics who lack such complications. The precision and flexibility of this technique make it particularly suitable for studies of the immune response to different species and forms of insulin.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Quantitation of human total IgG, kappa IgG and lambda IgG in serum using monoclonal antibodies.

Monoclonal antibodies to human IgG have been applied, in parallel with polyclonal antisera, to the routine quantitation of human IgG. Two monoclonal antibodies directed against spatially distinct epitopes have been used in combination to form insoluble complexes exhibiting turbidity. Quantitation was performed using a centrifugal fast analyser and a correlation coefficient of 0.979 was obtained for the two estimations. The technique has been further developed to allow the separate quantitation of kappa IgG and lambda IgG in whole serum.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1980

Light scattering and absorption--developments in immunology.

Fluid-phase immunoprecipitation analysis has undergone two distinct paths of development. One path utilizes existing absorptiometric equipment while the other relies on apparatus constructed specifically for the measurement of scattered light. The principles and instrumentation employed in light scattering and absorption techniques are reviewed with special reference to their applications in immunology. The main features of available analysers are summarised in the table. Specialised equipment is becoming increasingly sophisticated and expensive and it is important to assess critically the benefits, if any, that such apparatus may offer compared with more conventional devices. The latter are often capable of performing the same function with greater versatility. A good quality bench spectrophotometer is a more appropriate multi-purpose laboratory instrument than a specialised nephelometer with its more limited application. The equipment of choice for automated immunochemical protein quantitation, however, is the centrifugal analyser. The capital outlay is compensated for by high throughput, development potential and reduced consumption of reagents (i.e. antisera).

Absorption↗
PubMed1980

Carrier detection in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Serum creatine kinase, myoglobin, and percentage lymphocyte capping was determined in ten patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 12 carriers (nine definite and three probable), 16 other female relatives, and eight normal controls. There was no detectable difference in lymphocyte capping ability between any of these clinical groups. Significant myoglobinaemia was present in all the affected males, but the difference in levels between carriers and controls suggested that this test has no advantage over creatine kinase estimations in carrier detection.

Creatine Kinase↗
PubMed1980

Immune deposits in extraglomerular vessels: their correlation with circulating immune complexes.

Sixty-eight per cent of a consecutive series of 65 renal biopsies showed immune deposits in extraglomerular blood vessels. Although they occurred with a variety of clinical disorders and histological diagnoses, they were associated in particular with an acute nephritic syndrome, focal proliferative glomerulonephritis and non-specific mesangial changes. IgM was the commonest immunoglobulin class to be deposited and higher levels of IgM-containing complexes were detected in the serum of those patients with vascular deposits. Hitherto, immunofluorescent studies of renal biopsies have concentrated mostly on glomeruli but this study suggests that the extraglomerular vasculature deserves closer attention. The mechanisms for this pattern of localization are discussed.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1978

Immunological monitoring in a controlled trial of immunotherapy in stage IIB malignant melanoma.

Fifteen patients undergoing surgery for Stage IIb malignant melanoma were randomly allocated either to a group who received a vaccine of BCG mixed with irradiated autologous melanoma cells, or a control group who received no further treatment. All patients were monitored sequentially for immunological competence and tumour-directed immunity, using a wide range of techniques, and the results were compared retrospectively with their clinical course. Three months after surgery, there was a trend towards inhibition of PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation by autologous serum in patients who developed recurrent tumour within 12 months after treatment. Serum from patients who remained tumour-free for 12 months did not inhibit stimulation of autologous lymphocytes by PHA. Apart from this test, no other immunological parameters correlated either with clinical course or with the type of treatment received.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1978

Transplantation, immunosuppression and plasmapheresis in Goodpasture's syndrome.

Renal transplantation in the face of circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody can lead to recurrent glomerulonephritis. The severity of the recurrence may be related to the level of antibody present at the time of transplantation. We describe a patient with Goodpasture's Syndrome and moderate circulating anti-GBM antibody activity who received a renal transplant, followed by plasmapheresis and immunosuppression. The graft has functioned well for almost two years associated with a continued reduction in levels of circulating anti-GBM antibody.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Controlled trial of active immunotherapy in management of stage IIB malignant melanoma.

The prognosis for patients who undergo surgery for stage IIB malignant melanoma is poor. Animal studies have suggested that BCG and tumour cell vaccines given together may provide effective immunotherapy. To assess the effectiveness of this treatment 15 patients with stage IIB malignant melanoma who had their tumour excised were studied. Seven were treated conservatively, and eight were vaccinated with BCG and autologous irradiated cells. Three vaccinated patients suffered widespread recurrence within three months. All four vaccinated patients who suffered a recurrence within the first year died, while none of the three controls with recurrent disease died. In view of this alarming trend the trial was stopped after a year. BCG and the tumour cells may have enhanced the tumour growth, although there was no apparent reason for this. The results of uncontrolled or unrandomised trials that have suggested that this treatment is beneficial should be treated with scepticism.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1977

Congenital discoid lupus in the newborn.

A female infant, born to a 21-year-old mother with systemic lupus erythematosus, had cutaneous discoid lupus at birth. The lesions resolved spontaneously over the first few months and by the age of 1 year the infant's skin was normal. Other possible complications of this maternal disease are discussed and the need for caution in counselling mothers is recommended.

Female↗
PubMed1975

Seasonal nephrotic syndrome. Description and immunological findings.

Three cases are described showing a seasonal exacerbation of their nephrotic syndrome in association with an atopic trait and grass pollen allergy. The first patient has a history of four consecutive seasonal relapses each requiring steroid therapy. Following a course of desensitization injections he has now been free of relapse for 3 consecutive years. The second patient has also had a recurrent steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome often associated with the pollen season and allergic rhinitis. In this patient a course of cyclophosphamide has reduced his tendency to relapse. The third patient who has been on continuous prednisone therapy shows a seasonal increase in proteinuria. Serum changes in the first two patients include: a seasonal rise in total and grass pollen specific IgE; the continued presence of grass pollen specific IgG throughout the year but with a reduction during the pollen season in association with a more pronounced fall in the total IgG level; a depression in the C3 level in association with each major relapse; a mild rise in the I-K titre and a positive result in the Clq test for circulating complexes. A renal biopsy performed on the first patient when in relapse showed minor histological changes only and IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE, C3 and fibrinogen were undetectable by immunofluorescent examination. The probable mechanism for the development of proteinuria in these patients is discussed.

Adolescent↗