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Biomedical subjects

W Grant

Publications and source records attributed to W Grant.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The use of methacholine inhalation, methacholine skin testing, distilled water inhalation challenge and eosinophil counts in the evaluation of patients presenting with cough and/or nonwheezing dyspnea.

Twenty-four patients presenting with cough and/or nonwheezing dyspnea were evaluated with methacholine inhalation challenge (MC), distilled water inhalation challenge (DC), intracutaneous tests to varying concentrations of methacholine, total eosinophil counts (TEC), sinus and chest x-rays. We found a statistically significant difference (P less than .005) in the mean TEC in those patients with a positive MC test and those with a negative test. Hyperreactivity of the airways to methacholine in asthmatics is not found in the skin. Distilled water inhalation did not serve to substitute for MC as a test of hyperreactive airways. The TEC is an excellent screening test as a predictor of patients with cough or dyspnea who have hyperreactive airways.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Catabolism of the anion transport protein in human erythrocytes.

We identified the catabolic products of protein 3 in human erythrocytes. Protein 3, the major protein of the erythrocyte membrane, functions in anion transport and reacts covalently with tritiated 4,4'-diisothiocyano-1,2-diphenylethane-2,2'-disulfonic acid ([3H]DIDS), a very selective inhibitor of anion transport. In this study, [3H]DIDS was used to label protein 3 in the membranes of normal cells and those from a donor heterozygous for a variant of protein 3, defined by its elongated amino-terminal end. Both types of cells contained [3H]DIDS-labeled peptides other than protein 3. A protein fragment of 60K molecular weight was found in normal cells, whereas both 60K and 63K fragments were identified in cells from the heterozygote. These peptides are identical with those generated by treatment of intact erythrocytes with Pronase or chymotrypsin. A polyclonal rabbit antibody specific for the purified 60K fragment of protein 3 was used to detect this protein and its products in the erythrocyte membrane. Autoradiographs of membrane peptides that were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose, and allowed to react with the monospecific antibody showed, in addition to protein 3, a 60K fragment and fragments in the 40K region and in the 20-30K region. Cells containing the protein 3 variant yielded two fragments showing a 3K difference in molecular weight in all three regions, demonstrating that degradation of protein 3 is identical in normal erythrocytes and those heterozygous for the variant. This observation also confirms the common derivation of the fragments from protein 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗
PubMed1985

Levobunolol vs timolol for open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

A group of 162 patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were treated twice daily for up to 15 months with one of the following topical ophthalmic solutions: 0.5% levobunolol, 1% levobunolol, or 0.5% timolol. Overall mean reductions in intraocular pressure were 8 mm Hg for patients receiving 0.5% levobunolol or timolol and 8.2 mm Hg for patients receiving 1% levobunolol. There were no significant differences between levobunolol and timolol in mean reductions in intraocular pressure, percent of patients with adequately controlled intraocular pressure, or life-table estimates of the probability of successful treatment.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1981

Anesthesia review for small hospitals: a study focused on intraoperative and postoperative mortality.

Because small hospitals tend to have few members on their anesthesia services, perform less complicated and less extensive surgical procedures, use relatively straightforward anesthesia regimes, and have low anesthesia complication rates, foci for review may be difficult to identify. A review of intraoperative and postoperative mortality can be a productive approach, however. The authors provide criteria to help small hospitals identify problem areas in the delivery of anesthesia care through mortality review.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Lysozyme sensitivity of pantothenate-deficient Lactobacillus plantarum grown with exogenous fatty acids.

A pantothenic acid deficiency in Lactobacillus plantarum reduces lipid synthesis, prevents normal uptake and retention of extracellular amino acids and markedly increases sensitivity of these cells to lysozyme induced lysis. Pantothenate-deficient cells provided with exogenous fatty acids synthesize additional lipids and express nearly normal solute transport activities. The present study has shown that such cells retain a heightened sensitivity to lysozyme induced lysis. These observations indicate that the lysozyme sensitivity of pantothenate-deficient cells is not produced as in indirect effect of membrane lipid depletion, but represents an independent consequence of pantothenate insufficiency.

Fatty Acids↗
PubMed1979

Experience of changing pyrogenicity in albumin solutions.

A number of production lots of an intravenous preparation of 4.3 g/dl of human albumin failed to EP pyrogen test when tested in three rabbits. Several lots were reprocessed and subsequently proved satisfactory but over thirty lots were placed in storage and monitored by both the EP test and by using the LAL test over a period up to 650 days. The majority of the lots showed a steady fall in the pyrogen response by both tests. These lots were removed from storage and reprocessed by sterile filtration and dispensing into new glass containers. Further examination of the product showed it to be satisfactory in all regards. The product of several lots was used in treatment episodes involving the use of cell separators and shown to be satisfactory in clinical use. The remaining lots were also issues for general clinical use without incident.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Bilateral renal cortical necrosis: a report of 2 cases.

Two cases of renal cortical necrosis, one of which occurred after an obstetric complication (abruptio placentae) and the other after postpartum haemorrhage, are described. The diagnosis was made by percutaneous renal biopsy, intravenous pyelography and selective nephro-angiography. Immunofluorescence studies of the kidney showed no abnormality in one patient, but showed the presence of IgM in the glomerular basement membrane in the second patient. Hypotension was not observed when anuria occurred. Both patients survived. The importance of prolonged haemodialysis is stressed, since one patient was oliguric for 57 days and required intermittent haemodialysis for 5 months, while the second patient was oliguric for 17 days, required haemodialysis for 5 months and now has established hypertension.

Abruptio Placentae↗
PubMed1976

Postoperative radiation therapy for residual Wilm's tumor. Review of Group III patients in the National Wilm's Tumor Study.

Fifty-eight patients with residual abdominal disease (Group III) are reviewed from National Wilm's Tumor Study "1. The totap III) are reviewed from National Wilm's Tumor Study No. 1. The total number of abdominal recurrences is relatively low (eight cases). Local irradiation of the renal fossa would seem to be sufficient treatment for disease believed to be limited to that region, including cases of local spillage. Whole abdominal irradiation is recommended for gross, diffuse peritoneal contamination.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1976

Use of auxiliary collimating devices in the treatment for breast cancer with 60Co teletherapy units. I. Dosimetric considerations.

The dosimetry of tangential field treatment for breast cancer using an auxiliary collimating device on 60Co teletherapy machines is reviewed. The position of the device with respect to the source axis has negligible effect on either the dose rate or the dose distribution. Measurements with thermoluminescent dosimeters in an anatomic phantom verify the accuracy of the method of correction of isodose distributions for sloping skin. Possible systematic errors in dosimetry are identified.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

Use of axiliary collimating devices in the treatment for breast cancer with 60Co teletherapy units. II. Dose to the skin.

Special auxiliary collimating devices are often used in radiation therapy for breast cancer in order to treat the chest wall with tangential 60Co fields. Some of these devices are manufactured with a permanently attached Lucite end plate which increases the skin dose due to electron contamination. The relative surface dose was measured on a 60Co irradiator utilizing the collimating device with and without the Lucite plate. A parallel plate extrapolation chamber was used. The surface dose was measured as a function of the distance from the end of the device, the position in the field, and the angle of incidence for typical chest wall fields. These results are used to compare the dose to the skin of the chest wall for several treatment regimes. The data indicate that if the Lucite end plate is permanently attached, the skin dose may be enhanced to the extent that the use of additional bolus may be neither necessary nor desirable.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

Lymphography--technique, indications and principles of interpretation.

The findings in 277 patients investigated by ethiodol lymphography are reviewed, and the applications and limitations of the procedure are presented. The non-specificity of findings is the principal reason for the lack of acceptance of this procedure, and the confusing entity of tuberculous lymphadenitis is discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1975

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. A case report and review of the literature.

Clinical and radiological assessment of a female patient suffering from varicose veins revealed many of the features first described by Klippel and Trenaunay. The findings are presented in detail and the lymphographic features are illustrated. The previous literature is briefly reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Surface dose from megavoltage therapy machines.

To determine the cause of increased skin reactions near the edges of the field the authors measured doses at and near the surface of the skin with an extrapolation chamber for the gamma-ray beam of an AECL Eldorado 8 60Co irradiator and the x-ray beams of a Varian Clinac 4 linear accelerator, a Varian Clinac 6 linear accelerator, and an ARCO Mevatron 8 linear accelerator. Buildup curves were measured on each machine to locate the depth of the maximum dose (Dmax). The surface dose of the central axis was measured as a function of field size. Off-axis surface doses were measured on the Clinac 4 linear accelerator and on the Eldorado 8 60Co therapy unit. No measurable increase in surface dose was found leading the authors to believe that the observed skin reaction in the axilla for the Clinac 4 linear accelerator is due to a combination of increased dose at Dmax from the anterior mantle field and an increase in exit dose from the posterior mantle field when compared to similar treatments for 60Co.

Health Physics↗
PubMed1975

International dosimetry: an evaluation of treatment planning in clinical trials.

A tissue-equivalent phantom containing thermoluminescent dosimeters was mailed in succession to Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex, England, to Groote Schuur Hospital, Capetown, South Africa, and to Winnipeg General Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada, to determine the accuracy and consistency in treatment for carcinoma of the cervix under hyperbaric oxygen conditions. (Protocol of the Medical Research Council's Working Party on Radiotherapy and Hyperbaric Oxygen.) The data were analysed by the Radiological Physics Center, Houston, Texas, and substantiate uniformity at and between the participating institutions.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Calibration instrumentation used by the AAPM Radiological Physics Center.

The Keithley model 602 electrometer-Farmer ionization chamber combination has served as the standard dosimetry system for calibration measurements made by the AAPM Radiological Physics Center at 156 different institutions. The constancy of this system is compared to that for the Baldwin-Farmer Secondary Standard Dosemeter type 2502, and is based on measurements made over a 3-yr period on a Cobalt-60 gamma-ray source. A Strontium-90 check source is also shown to be a reliable standard, and frequent checks with such a source can prevent serious calibration errors.

Radiometry↗