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Biomedical subjects

W Grover

Publications and source records attributed to W Grover.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Case study: corticosteroid treatment of language regression in pervasive developmental disorder.

The authors describe a child whose language and behavior regressed at 22 months and in whom pervasive developmental disorder was later diagnosed. At 6 years, he displayed a profound receptive-expressive aphasia accompanied by behavioral disturbances characterized by hyperactivity, impaired social interactions, tantrums, gestural stereotypies, and echolalia. A single-photon emission computed tomography scan and steady-state auditory evoked potentials suggested bitemporal and left frontal pathophysiology. The overall profile resembled Landau-Kleffner syndrome, but no electroencephalographic disturbance was evident. Corticosteroid treatment resulted in amelioration of language abilities and behavior. These findings suggest that the factors underlying language regression in pervasive developmental disorder can, in special circumstances, be amenable to pharmacological treatment.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1991

Cytochrome c oxidase-associated Leigh syndrome: phenotypic features and pathogenetic speculations.

Fourteen new cases of cytochrome oxidase (COX)-associated Leigh syndrome (LS) are combined with 20 reported cases to describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of this devastating metabolic condition. Three clinical stages are identified. Most patients have normal neurological development during the first 8-12 months (stage I). Somatic complaints are common, including chronic diarrhea, recurrent vomiting, anorexia, and decelerating body and head growth. The second stage evolves during late infancy and early childhood when motor regression becomes evident. Eye signs, altered breathing patterns, pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar signs emerge and sudden clinical deterioration occurs during intercurrent infectious or metabolic stress. The last stage may extend from 2 to 10 years and is manifested by extreme hypotonia, swallowing difficulties and undernutrition. Feeding assistance is necessary and seizures may occur. The CSF lactate concentration is consistently elevated and MRI abnormalities are seen in the subcortical structures. COX deficiency affects most tissues, but is not always generalized. For example, 3 patients with a cardiomyopathy had normal COX activity in cultured skin fibroblasts. Nearly normal amounts of cross-reacting material are present by ELISA and immunoblot analyses. Parental consanguinity has been found in several families, the hereditary pattern is recessive and males are affected more commonly (2:1). The biomolecular abnormality causing COX deficiency in LS is unknown, but the available evidence implicates a nuclear-encoded protein that affects the structure or the stability of the holoenzyme complex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Intraoperative autologous transfusion during major aortic reconstructive procedures.

To evaluate the benefits and disadvantages of autologous intraoperative transfusion during major aortic reconstructive procedures, we retrospectively studied 50 patients who had major aortic revascularization procedures without the use of autologous transfusion devices (group 1) and prospectively evaluated a second 50-patient cohort having similar procedures, but with the use of the autologous transfusion device for salvaging and reinfusing lost blood. Both groups were assessed for preoperative risk factors and postoperative complications. We found a somewhat lower morbidity in the autotransfusion group and more complete replacement of blood loss. Autologous transfusion accounted for approximately 75% of all transfused blood in group 2, tremendously reducing blood bank requirements. In addition to reduction of immediate postoperative morbidity, further risks associated with homologous transfusion such as hemolysis, posttransfusion hepatitis, transfusion-related acute lung injury, anaphylaxis, and transfusion-transmitted acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were markedly reduced or eliminated.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

The hemostatic system in children undergoing intensive plasma exchange.

We report the effects on the hemostatic system of intensive plasma exchange therapy using replacement fluids devoid of plasma coagulation proteins. Five children were studied during ten exchanges. There were no hemorrhagic episodes clearly attributable to the plasma exchange, but one patient developed recurrent thrombosis of the vascular access used for the procedure. Plasma values of the various coagulation factors (II to XII) were decreased by 35 to 67% immediately following the plasmapheresis. The mean decrease in levels of antithrombin III antigen and activity and of plasminogen were 58, 60, and 66%, respectively. The recurrent thrombosis of the vascular access in one of the patients, and the decrease in antithrombin III and plasminogen values in plasma following plasmapheresis in all patients, suggest that there is increased potential for thrombosis in patients undergoing intensive plasmapheresis, despite the depletion of coagulation factors. At 24 hours following plasmapheresis the values for all factors were within normal limits, attesting to the ability of the synthetic mechanisms in children to replenish hemostatic factors rapidly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Mental retardation, hypotonia, and generalized seizures associated with astrocytic "residual" bodies. An ultrastructural study.

Two siblings suffering since birth from convulsions, hypotonia, and mental retardation are presented. In the older sibling (eight and one-half years of age) frontal lobe biopsy revealed abnormal cytosomes with lamellar profiles in astrocytes, macrophages, and to a lesser degree in neurons. Similar cytosomes have not yet been reported in cases of sphingolipidoses or in late infantile-juvenile amaurotic idiocy. These cytosomes stained intensely with silver proteinate, an ultrastructural cytochemical stain for carbohydrate moieties. In contrast, lipofuscin did not stain with silver proteinate. Multilamellar (crescentic curvilinear) cytosomes from a reported case of late infantile amaurotic idocy (Batten-Vogt-Spielmeyer disease) did not stain with silver proteinate. Abnormal cytosomes were not found in blood cells, liver, and peripheral nerve. In the younger sibling (14 months old) postmortem ultrastructural studies of cerebral tissue showed very few abnormal cytosomes. On the basis of the clinical and ultrastructural findings, we conclude that these two cases can be distinguished from those with multilamellar (crescentic-curvilinear) inclusions and from cases of the so-called "neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis" syndrome.

Astrocytes↗