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Biomedical subjects

W H Gutstein

Publications and source records attributed to W H Gutstein.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Relationship of small and large coronary artery disease to myocardial ischemia.

To determine the relative roles of narrowing of the small intramyocardial arteries and of the large extramural coronary arteries in the development of ischemic myocardial lesions, hearts were obtained at the autopsies of 105 adults for morphologic study. Subendocardial ischemic lesions frequently were associated with narrowing of the small arteries even in the absence of major coronary artery stenosis. However, transmural ischemic lesions occurred almost always with large coronary artery disease, either alone or in combination with narrowing of the small arteries. A logistic function was fitted to the data to predict the risk of developing myocardial ischemia. The probability of ischemic heart disease was shown to rise with increasing heart weight, narrowing of the small intramyocardial arteries, major coronary artery disease, and combined small and large artery stenosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Neural factors contribute to atherogenesis.

Electron microscopic evidence of early atherogenic changes in the aorta and coronary arteries was obtained in normal fed, conscious, unrestrained rats receiving electrical stimulation in the lateral hypothalamus for periods of up to 62 days. Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were not etiologic factors. In view of recent observations concerning neuropsychological mechanisms in human ischemic heart disease, the findings raise the possibility that the human central nervous system has a role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Neural factors in experimental degenerative arteriopathy.

Intermittent electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus of rats performed for 30 min to 6 hr, results in hyperlipidemia and endothelial cell damage of the aorta and coronary arteries. Hyperlipidemia is related to transient biliary obstruction elicited by hypothalamic stimulation and is characterized by elevation of the cholesterol, phospholipid, and triglyceride fractions. Endothelial cell damage is observed ultrastructurally as plasma membrane degeneration with detachment and the formation of large spaces ("vacuoles"). Thus, neural factors may be implicated in inducing conditions associated with early atherogenesis. Stimulation carried out for longer time intervals would be expected to produce more advanced lesions. However, the role of neural transmission per se (i.e., without hyperlipidemia) in producing arteriopathy is not clearly defined from these experiments. In rats, the lesser splanchnic nerve forms the major innervation of the abdominal aorta. In animals fed normal diets, chronic intermittent stimulation of this nerve (up to 3 weeks) resulted in advanced arteriosclerotic changes with intimal fibrosis and calcification. On histologic examination, lipid deposits appeared to be absent from these lesions. Animals stimulated for shorter periods of time exhibited earlier changes associated with atherogenesis, such as endothelial damage, elastic reduplication, and adherent microthrombi. Thus, direct neural transmission, especially if excessive, plays a role in producing arteriopathy. Hyperlipidemia, if persistent, could modify these lesions so that they would accumulate plasma lipids. Experiments to test this hypothesis are currently in progress.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A self-powered, preprogrammable, constant current, electronic stimulator for implantation in conscious and unrestrained, small animals.

A completely implantable electronic brain stimulator was designed and constructed using commercially available Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor digital, integrated circuits. All stimulation parameters were preprogrammed prior to implantation. They included bipolar pulse width (0.5 msec), constant current intensity (120 muA) and frequency (125 pulses/sec) as well as pulse train length (33 sec) and the interval between pulse trains (70 min). After complete encapsulation, the unit weighed 6.2 g and measured 30 mm X 15 mm X 8 mm. The units were easily implanted under the skin in the flank areas of 300 g rats. The 5 muW power consumption allowed implanted lifetimes of over 6 months. A miniature magnetic switch was included inside the package to allow testing of the unit after implantation. Stimulators were implanted in 17 rats for periods of 4--62 days in a study exploring the relationship between long term electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus and the development of arterial pathology.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Ultrastructural changes of coronary artery endothelium associated with biliary obstruction in the rat.

Ultrastructural cellular changes in various target organs have been described in association with experimentally induced biliary obstruction. In the present study, the effect of bile duct ligation on coronary artery endothelium was examined in rats 24 hours after surgery. Electron microscopic examination revealed marked degenerative changes of endothelial cells compared with the lack of such alterations in control animals. Some possible implications of the reported observations for atherogenesis are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endothelial injury. Association with elevations of serum bile acid and cholesterol concentration in biliary-obstructed rats.

An association between atherosclerosis, biliary obstruction and hyperlipidemia has been reported in the literature. In previous study from this laboratory, ultrastructural evidence of coronary artery endothelial damage was obtained in rats following ligation-induced biliary obstruction. In the present investigation, serum bile acids, total cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase levels were studied in association with similarly induced biliary obstruction and related to electron-microscopic observations of coronary artery endothelium. The results disclosed marked elevation of all serum parameters in as short a time as 24 hr following ligation compared with shamoperated controls. Animals exhibiting increases of serum bile acids and cholesterol also revealed severe configurational changes of endothelial cells which manifesed as buckling, detachment from the underlying internal elastic lamina, and vacuole formation. The role of elevated circulating bile acids and hypercholesterolemia as possible factors in producing arterial injury through membrane interaction is discussed. These observations suggest that biliary obstruction, even of short duration, may act as a potentially atherogenic mechanism in the experimental animal.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A minimum component AM transmitter to monitor electronic brain stimulation.

Construction of a light weight AM transmitter which can be used to monitor implanted electronic brain stimulators is described. The unit can operate continuously for 40 hours on a single battery and can easily be carried by a small laboratory animal. The range of the unit is limited to approximately 1 meter and the transmitted signal can be detected by a standard AM broadcast band receiver. The unit is simple to construct, inexpensive, and reliable in performance.

Animals↗