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Biomedical subjects

W H Manning

Publications and source records attributed to W H Manning.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The frequency of disfluencies during phonatory transitions in stuttered and nonstuttered speech.

The hypothesis that stuttering and nonstuttering adults have fewer disfluencies during voiced-voiced phoneme-to-phoneme phonatory transitions than during voiced-voiceless, voiceless-voiced, or voiceless-voiceless transitions was investigated. The speech of 11 adult stutterers and a matched group of nonstutterers was analyzed according to the occurrence of disfluencies during the above categories of phonatory transtions. Each subject's speech was recorded individually while reading several passages. The percentage of disfluencies varied significantly (p less than 0.001) across the four phonatory transition categories for both groups of subjects. Both stutterers and nonstutterers demonstrated a lower percentage of disfluencies during voiced-voiced transitions than during voiced-voiceless, voiceless-voiced, and voiceless-voiceless phonatory transitions. Furthermore, both groups of subjects demonstrated a similar distribution of disfluencies across the four phonatory transitions categories. An inability to successfully complete phoneme-to-phoneme phonatory transitions does not appear to fully explain the pattern of disfluencies for stuttering or nonstuttering adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Verbal versus tangible reward for children who stutter.

The results of several previous attempts to modify the speech of stuttering children suggest that tangible (as opposed to verbal) rewards are efficient forms of positive reinforcement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of these two forms of positive reinforcement with young stuttering subjects. Each of three stuttering children was seen for a base rate session, three experimental sessions, and a carry-over session. Experimental sessions were preceded by verbal instructions explaining the response contingency, and subjects selected their own verbal and tangible reinforcers. Results revealed that both verbal and tangible reinforcements were equally effective in modifying the speech of the three subjects. The possibility is discussed that the effectiveness of verbal and tangible rewards with young stuttering subjects can be explained by (1) selection of the rewards by the subjects; (2) reinforcement of easily identifiable behavior; and (3) subject awareness of the response contingency.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1976

The use of auditory masking to estimate automatization of correct articulatory production.

In order to estimate automatization of correct articulatory production in 71 elementary school children about to be dismissed from training, auditory masking was used during administration of the Deep Test of Articulation. White noise was presented binaurally at 86 dB SPL. The children's articulation was tested under three conditions: Condition I without masking, Condition II with masking, and Condition III without masking three to four months after Condition II testing. Children's performances on Conditions I and II were compared with their performances during Condition III. Results demonstrated that performance on the Deep Test during auditory masking as a criterion for dismissal would have resulted in children being correctly dismissed from therapy more of the time (94%) than the traditional (nonmasked) administration of the test (77%). In addition, use of experimental administration of the test would have resulted in 6% of the children being incorrectly dismissed from therapy while traditional administration would have resulted in 23% of the children being incorrectly dismissed. Clinical importance and implications for further investigation are discussed.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1976

Auditory assembly abilities of stuttering and nonstuttering children.

The auditory assembly abilities of 30 stuttering and 30 nonstuttering children were investigated. Subjects were first- through fourth-grade children matched for age, grade level, sex, and misarticulations. They were individually presented four tape-recorded lists of both meaningful and nonmeaningful CVC syllables with one of four silent interphonemic intervals (100, 200, 300, or 400 msec) spliced between the phonemes of each syllable. There was no significant overall difference between the performance of the stuttering and the nonstuttering children. The results failed to support the findings of previous investigations which have suggested that stutterers are less adept than nonstutterers in the performance of auditory processing tasks.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of half-list scores on the PB-K 50 as a function of time compression and age.

Half-list speech discrimination measures have certain advantages in clinical measurement, particularly with children. In the present study, half-list and whole-list comparisons of the PB-K 50 measure under normal and time-compressed conditions were made on children's speech discrimination scores. Results indicated that half-lists of the PB-K 50 can be used effectively in the clinical setting, a practice which has clinical precedence.

Age Factors↗