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Biomedical subjects

W H Smith

Publications and source records attributed to W H Smith.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Quantification of area at risk during coronary occlusion and degree of myocardial salvage after reperfusion with technetium-99m methoxyisobutyl isonitrile.

Serial myocardial imaging with technetium-99m methoxyisobutyl isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) has been proposed for evaluating myocardial salvage after reperfusion. To define 99mTc-MIBI uptake before and after reperfusion, 17 open-chest dogs underwent 3 hours of left anterior descending artery occlusion and 3 hours of reperfusion. 99mTc-MIBI was injected during occlusion (group 1) or after 90 minutes of reperfusion (group 2). Myocardial 99mTc-MIBI activity was correlated with microsphere flow during occlusion and reperfusion. Anatomic risk area and infarct area were defined by postmortem vital staining and correlated with the perfusion defects defined by analysis of 99mTc-MIBI macroautoradiographs and gamma camera images of myocardial slices. The left ventricle was divided into 96 segments for gamma well counting. Flow and 99mTc-MIBI activity were normalized to nonischemic values. Myocardial segments were grouped, based on occlusion flow, into zones: severely ischemic (less than or equal to 30% nonischemic), moderately ischemic (greater than 30%, less than or equal to 60% nonischemic), mildly ischemic (greater than 60%, less than or equal to 90% nonischemic), and nonischemic (greater than 90%, less than or equal to 120% nonischemic). Among dogs injected with 99mTc-MIBI during coronary occlusion (group 1), myocardial 99mTc-MIBI activity correlated linearly with occlusion flow for both endocardial (r = 0.91) and transmural (r = 0.91) segments. The risk area defined by 99mTc-MIBI autoradiography (group 1) correlated with the postmortem risk area (rho = 0.94) but was 29% smaller than the anatomic risk area (p = 0.03), reflecting the contribution of collateral flow. Among dogs injected with 99mTc-MIBI after reperfusion (group 2), myocardial 99mTc-MIBI did not correlate with reperfusion flow in either endocardial or transmural segments. Among group 2 dogs, myocardial 99mTc-MIBI activity was significantly less than reperfusion flow at the time of injection in the severely ischemic (25 +/- 5% versus 74 +/- 24% nonischemic, p = 0.002), moderately ischemic (54 +/- 12% versus 96 +/- 15% nonischemic, p = 0.001), and mildly ischemic (84 +/- 6% versus 93 +/- 3% nonischemic, p = 0.002) zones. The defect area defined by 99mTc-MIBI autoradiography (group 2) correlated very closely with the postmortem infarct area (rho = 0.98). Thus, the myocardial uptake of 99mTc-MIBI during coronary occlusion correlates with occlusion flow and reflects the "area at risk." When 99mTc-MIBI was given after 90 minutes of reperfusion following 3 hours of coronary occlusion, the myocardial activity was significantly reduced compared with reperfusion flow in both necrotic and perinecrotic regions, reflecting myocardial viability more than the degree of reperfusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Hypnosis in the treatment of anxiety.

Hypnotherapy and training in self-hypnosis can help persons achieve remarkable success in alleviating anxiety, not only in anxiety disorders, but also in any problem involving anxiety. The author describes the role of hypnosis in the treatment of several disorders and provides clinical examples illustrating treatment of generalized anxiety, phobias, and posttraumatic stress disorders. He concludes that because hypnosis exploits the intimate connection between mind and body, it provides relief through improved self-regulation and also beneficially affects cognition and the experience of self-mastery.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative planar imaging with technetium-99m methoxyisobutyl isonitrile: comparison of uptake patterns with thallium-201.

To compare the myocardial uptake pattern of 99mTc-labeled methoxyisobutyl isonitrile [( 99mTc] MIBI) and 201TI, planar scintigraphy were performed in both patients with documented coronary artery disease and subjects with a low likelihood of disease. Quantitative analysis was employed using a standard interpolative background subtraction algorithm and a new algorithm modified to better accommodate for the differences in extracardiac activity seen with [99mTc]MIBI rest images. Among patients with coronary artery disease, the standard algorithm yielded no significant difference in relative defect magnitude between [99mTc]MIBI and 201TI on stress scintigrams (p = 0.48), although the magnitude of [99mTc]MIBI defects was greater on resting images (p = 0.02). When the modified algorithm was employed, defect magnitude was similar for both stress (p = 0.91) and rest (p = 0.20) images. Normal segmental uptake ratios derived from a comparison of contralateral segments (e.g., septal:posterolateral) in the low likelihood patients were similar for both [99mTc]MIBI and 201TI. Thus, modification of the standard interpolative background subtraction algorithm is necessary for quantitative planar [99mTc]MIBI perfusion imaging. When appropriate background subtraction is employed, myocardial uptake and quantitative defect magnitude of [99mTc]MIBI and 201TI planar images are similar.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The use of the psychological test report in setting the focus of psychotherapy.

One of the values of psychological testing is the help it can provide in setting the focus of psychotherapy. Especially in long-term treatments, psychotherapists can fail to address certain characteristics of the patient and a poor outcome results. Using three case examples with post-termination follow-up reports, this paper illustrates the potential usefulness of test reports which identify key treatment issues for the psychotherapist.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Early experience with a vertical spinning-disc nebuliser.

A new device for the administration of bronchodilators to asthmatics by nebulisation has been developed. Nebuliser therapy, in many patients more effective than other forms of drug delivery, has been limited by the need to provide patients with units driven by compressed air. Solutions can be nebulised by contact with a rapidly spinning horizontal disc. Adaptation of this method to a small nebuliser for clinical use is difficult, since a constant delivery of fluid the centre of the disc is necessary. The problem has been overcome in the new device in which the disc spins vertically in a reservoir. The performance of the prototype device was compared with that of a conventional compressed air nebuliser. The improvement is spirometry values of 8 asthmatic patients was similar for both nebulisers.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Electrochemical titrations of a ferredoxin-ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase complex.

Potentiometric titrations employing an electrochemical thin-layer cell indicate that complex formation between ferredoxin and ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase alters the midpoint oxidation-reduction potentials of both proteins. The midpoint potential of ferredoxin the complex becomes 22 +/- 6 mV more negative compared to ferredoxin alone while the midpoint potential of ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase becomes 23 +/- 4 mV more positive on complex formation.

Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase↗
PubMed1981

Ipratropium bromide in acute asthma.

Ipratropium bromide was given to patients admitted to hospital with acute asthma. A cumulative-dose-response technique in six patients showed that 500 micrograms given by nebuliser produced a maximal increase in peak expiratory flow rate. This dose of ipratropium bromide was included in a regimen in which it was given either two hours before or two hours after nebulised salbutamol to 22 patients. Ipratropium bromide given on admission was as effective as nebulised salbutamol. The two drugs in sequence produced greater bronchodilatation than either used alone, and the mean peak expiratory flow rate rose by 96% in four hours. Thus giving ipratropium bromide in addition to salbutamol in severe asthma enhances the bronchodilator effect. Further studies are needed to determine whether the same effect may be obtained by giving two maximal doses of salbutamol two hours apart.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Safety, usefulness and acceptability of fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the elderly.

The safety and usefulness of fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the elderly was assessed retrospectively in 204 consecutive patients aged 70 and over. One third of patients were examined as day cases. A bronchial tumour was seen in 67% patients, and biopsies showed malignancy in 78% of these cases. Certain knowledge of a diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma helped in the management of the elderly patient. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy proved to be safe in the presence of marked ventilatory impairment. A prospective questionnaire study in 114 patients showed that most patients found the procedure acceptable and would agree to a repeat if necessary and this was largely independent of age.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Effects of winter and summer energy levels on heifer growth and reproductive performance.

Three heifer development trials were conducted with 337 crossbred heifers (125, 105 and 107 heifers in trials 1, 2 and 3, respectively) over a 3-year period. Heifers were fed low quality fescue hay ad libitum plus 0, 1.22 or 2.45 kg of ground ear corn (GEC) daily during the winter feeding phase of all three trials. Winter gains and final winter and summer condition scores increased (P less than .05) in each trial as winter level of GEC increased. In each trial, summer gains followed the reverse order of winter gains (P less than .05). Conception rate, mean number of days pregnant (as determined by rectal palpation) and adjusted weaning weight of progeny increased linearly with winter level of GEC when pooled over trials. Differences between animals fed 0 and 2.45 kg of GEC were significant. Conception rate and adjusted weaning weight of progeny of the heifers retained in the breeding herd increased (P less than .05) as level of GEC increased when data were pooled over trials. Calving date and percentage live progeny were not significantly affected by winter treatment. Summer daily gains and condition scores were increased by additional summer energy (2.45 kg GEC/day) in trial 3. Conception rate and mean number of days pregnant (conception date) favored heifers given the summer supplementary feeding (2.45 kg GEC) treatment. Among heifers retained in the breeding herd, there were no significant differences between the 0- and 2.45-kg GEC summer treatment groups in conception rate, calving date, percentage live progeny or adjusted weaning weight of progeny.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Radiology of the jugular tubercles.

The jugular tubercles are two small protuberances that arise from the inferolateral margins of the clivus and project posterosuperiorly over the hypoglossal canals. The jugular tubercles are clearly seen on routine anteroposterior temporal bone tomograms and may be identified on axial or coronat CT scans. Varying widely in size and configuration, these structures are usually somewhat ovoid but can be elongated, gently squared, or asymmetric. Despite this variation in size and appearance, no normal instances were found in which the superior surface of the jugular tubercles appeared either flattened or concave. The radiology of the normal and pathologic jugular tubercle is described. The material outlined was derived from radiographic studies of both dried skulls and a variety of normal and abnormal clinical cases.

Adult↗