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Biomedical subjects

W H Williams

Publications and source records attributed to W H Williams.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Incidence of aneurysm formation after Dacron patch aortoplasty repair for coarctation of the aorta: long-term results and assessment utilizing magnetic resonance angiography with three-dimensional surface rendering.

OBJECTIVES: Magnetic resonance angiography with three-dimensional surface rendering was performed to determine its value in assessing anatomic detail in patients with suspected aortic aneurysms. BACKGROUND: Dacron patch aortoplasty repair of coarctation of the aorta carries an inherent risk of aneurysm development. Sudden death from aortic rupture prompted discontinuing this operation and evaluating 39 patients (16 girls; mean age 6.3 years, range 10 days to 14.5 years) undergoing repair between January 1976 and October 1987. The aorta ruptured in 10 patients; 6 died at a mean interval of 8.1 years (range 0.75 to 12.4) after repair. All 33 survivors were interviewed and examined. METHODS: Conventional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 26 patients, magnetic resonance angiography in 18. Angiographic slices were used to reconstruct three-dimensional images. No catheterization or contrast angiography was performed. Surgical intervention was based on clinical findings and magnetic resonance images. RESULTS: Twenty patients (11 girls) developed aneurysms, of which nine were detected in patients studied by magnetic resonance. Ruptures occurred in eight female patients, three of whom were pregnant. Surface renderings accurately defined aortic anatomy or aneurysms in all patients. On follow-up, no aneurysms have been detected in patients with negative magnetic resonance study results. Precise anatomic correlation with operative findings was reported. CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance angiography with three-dimensional surface rendering provides noninvasive, radiation-free and contrast agent-free high resolution images of the thoracic aorta. These images can be reviewed and have three-dimensional form and perspective. These techniques were preferred over invasive angiography by surgeons and clinicians as definitive, risk-free procedures before surgical intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Definitive radiation therapy for extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate retrospectively the role of radiation therapy for extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with local-regional EHBD carcinomas were treated with definitive radiation therapy. Radiation therapy was delivered by means of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) alone or combined with transcatheter iridium-192 brachytherapy. The median total dose was 54 Gy (range, 30-144 Gy). Survival rates were calculated and compared by using the log-rank test. Possible prognostic factors affecting survival were evaluated by means of univariate analysis. RESULTS: The median survival of all patients was 13 months, with 1- and 2-year actuarial survival rates of 52% and 10%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that men, patients with tumors limited to the bile duct, and patients receiving EBRT doses of at least 45 Gy had significantly better outcomes. Local-regional recurrence was the main cause of treatment failure (82%). Two patients developed gastric outlet obstruction. CONCLUSION: Patients with locally advanced EHBD carcinomas have a low survival rate. Certain factors, however, appear to have prognostic significance.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

The usefulness of echocardiography in the surgical management of infants with congenital heart disease.

Between January 1988 and August 1991, at The Children's Heart Center, Atlanta, 83 infants with congenital heart defects were diagnosed by echocardiography and underwent surgery without cardiac catheterization. The diagnostic categories included 46 infants with left heart obstructive lesions, 19 infants with cyanotic heart lesions, and 18 infants with miscellaneous lesions. Forty-five infants (55%) underwent surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. There were three errors in diagnosis, yielding a diagnostic accuracy of 95%. Many infants with congenital heart disease can be accurately and completely diagnosed by echocardiography and can safely undergo surgery without cardiac catheterization.

Aortic Coarctation↗
PubMed1992

Magnetic resonance imaging in human lymphedema: comparison with lymphangioscintigraphy.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and isotope lymphography (lymphangioscintigraphy, LAS) was done in 32 patients with peripheral lymphedema (19 primary and 13 secondary). MRI characteristically showed diffuse dermal and subcutaneous edema, a nonedematous, occasionally hypertrophied skeletal muscle compartment, variability in regional lymph node size and appearance depending on the underlying clinical disorder, serpiginous "channels" or "lakes" consistent with dermal collateral lymphangiectasis and sequestered lymph, and increased subcutaneous fat. In contrast, LAS showed dermal diffusion ("backflow"), cross-over with retrograde tracer backflow (reflux), delayed tracer transport, and depending on the cause of lymphedema (i.e., primary or secondary), discrete or poorly defined lymph trunks (tracer "bands") and delayed or nonvisualization of regional lymph nodes. Although not a first-line clinical test, MR particularly in conjunction with LAS noninvasively provides accurate anatomical definition of the peripheral lymphatic system. In contradistinction to LAS, MR can visualize lymph trunks, nodes, and soft tissues proximal to sites of lymphatic obstruction. Together these imaging modalities may substitute for conventional oil contrast lymphography in the evaluation of the pathogenesis and evolution of most lymphologic disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Impact of early post-exercise myocardial redistribution of TI-201 on SPECT imaging. Preliminary observations.

In a series of 62 male patients undergoing exercise TI-201 SPECT myocardial scintigraphy, planar 45 degrees LAO images were acquired before (2-5 minutes postinjection, P1) and after (35 minutes postinjection, P2) the initial SPECT study in order to identify those patients with redistribution during the first 30 minutes after exercise. Consensus interpretation by four readers identified early redistribution (between P1 and P2) in 11 patients (18%), rated major (change of greater than 1.5 scoring unit) in five and minor (change of 1-1.5 scoring unit) in six. Only one patient (2%) showed major early redistribution that could not be appreciated on corresponding SPECT images. In this preliminary investigation, early thallium redistribution sufficient to affect identification of significant exercise-induced ischemia on SPECT imaging was infrequent and of limited clinical importance.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Persistent chest pain following oral dipyridamole for thallium 201 myocardial imaging.

A patient was admitted to the hospital with acute chest pain. After acute myocardial infarction was ruled out, he underwent a stress thallium 201 scintigraphy using oral dipyridamole and developed persistent angina with ST-segment elevation. This complication has not been reported previously. It is recommended that appropriate intervention be available if severe ischemia develops following administration of dipyridamole for diagnostic imaging.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1990

Lymphangioscintigraphy in AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma.

Kaposi sarcoma, a common opportunistic neoplasm complicating AIDS, is thought to arise from the vasculature and possibly from lymphatic endothelium. To evaluate the nature and extent of lymphatic involvement in AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma, we used an improved technique of whole-body lymphangioscintigraphy. Six human-immunodeficiency-virus-seropositive men (40-51 years old) with AIDS and extensive Kaposi sarcoma had bilateral foot and/or hand intradermal injection of 0.05 ml of 99mTc-labeled human serum albumin (500 microCi, 18.5 MBq). After sequential whole-body scanning with a digital gamma camera, the findings were interpreted by comparing them with findings from similar studies in 30 other patients without AIDS or Kaposi sarcoma (26 with primary or secondary lymphedema and four with normal extremities). Unlike in normal limbs, where lymphangioscintigraphy displayed early lymphatic truncal and regional nodal filling with radionuclide, in patients with Kaposi sarcoma, lymphangioscintigraphy disclosed a variety of abnormal patterns with some features distinct and others resembling lymphatic dysplasia as seen in primary and secondary lymphedema. These included focal accumulation of tracer within lymphatic channels in the distribution of cutaneous Kaposi lesions; delayed tracer transport with absent, faint, or intense regional lymph nodal uptake; and retarded or impeded lymphatic drainage with tracer intensification in the region of Kaposi sarcoma plaques. The impaired lymphatic drainage and nodal dysfunction seen on scintigrams in patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma suggest a close connection between the lymphatic system and this disorder.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Whole-body lymphangioscintigraphy: preferred method for initial assessment of the peripheral lymphatic system.

In 20 patients with congenital and acquired lymphedema in either upper or lower extremities and in four patients without extremity edema, human serum albumin labeled with technetium-99m was injected intradermally into a digital web space of the hand or foot. With a digital gamma camera that permitted a "sweep" of the torso, serial extremity and whole-body lymphagioscintigraphy (LAS) of the peripheral lymphatic system was performed. In 11 patients with acquired lymphedema, a well-defined obstructive pattern was seen, characterized by discrete peripheral lymphatic trunks, delayed or absent depiction of regional nodes, and delayed but extensive soft-tissue tracer extravasation. Five of nine patients with congenital lymphedema showed hypoplasia characterized by poorly defined lymphatic trunks, delayed depiction of regional nodes, and early and extensive extravasation of tracer. The other four patients showed aplasia, with absence of trunks, no depiction of nodes, and little or no tracer extravasation. LAS is technically simple to perform and requires no special training. Radiation exposure is minuscule, and the procedure is safe and without apparent side effects. For these reasons, whole-body LAS should be the preferred method for the initial assessment of congenital or acquired lymphedema.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Management of postoperative mediastinitis in infants and children by muscle flap rotation.

Between July 1, 1976, and June 30, 1986, at the Henrietta Egleston Hospital for Children, 2,242 infants and children underwent palliation or repair of a congenital heart defect. Twenty-one (0.94%) of these patients developed mediastinitis following a median sternotomy. Nineteen of these twenty-one patients had required cardiopulmonary bypass. All patients had positive mediastinal cultures. The first 8 patients were managed traditionally by debridement and irrigation. Three of these patients suffered serious metabolic complications related to the povidone-iodine irrigant, which resulted in 1 death. Another patient died from persistent sepsis following debridement. Subsequently, 13 patients were managed by early debridement and rotation of the pectoralis major or rectus abdominis muscle flaps, or both. Following muscle flap rotation and early wound closure, 2 patients had subsequent incisional complications. One patient had incisional dehiscence and 1 had a superficial skin separation. Two deaths in this group, 28 and 51 days, respectively, following muscle flap rotation, resulted from nonincisional problems in patients with healed median sternotomies. The group having muscle flap rotation required a significantly shorter duration of postoperative ventilatory support (3.2 versus 24 days, p less than 0.05) and a significantly shorter confinement in the intensive care unit (6.2 versus 33 days, p less than 0.01). Also, the physiological and physical trauma of continued wound care in the awake child was minimized in the group with muscle flap rotation.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

Radionuclide imaging in a case of tertiary syphilis involving the liver and bones.

Tertiary syphilis is an unusual entity. We have encountered a case of tertiary syphilis of the liver and bone demonstrated by scintigraphy. With liver involvement, the liver scan showed focal defects due to gummas, and distortion due to scarring. Bone involvement was shown as increased cortical activity from periostitis, focal hot spots due to osteomyelitis, and cold defects due to gumma formation. Because syphilis is easily treated, but may not be as readily recognized, the diagnosis should be considered in cases of focal liver or bone disease of obscure etiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Importance of coronary artery anomalies in operations for congenital heart disease.

A congenital coronary artery anomaly influenced operative management of 21 children (34 operations) during a recent 8-year interval. This group represented 1.3% of cardiothoracic operations performed. Survivors included 5 of 10 children having correction of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and 11 children having correction of intracardiac defects associated with major coronary arteries crossing the right ventricular outflow tract. Two children survived primary repair of injured major coronary arteries. Isolated coronary artery anatomy must be considered during management of intracardiac defects. Intraoperative injury to a major coronary artery requires meticulous repair.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Reoperation for prosthetic valve degeneration after Konno aortoventriculoplasty.

Since the introduction of the aortoventriculoplasty procedure by Konno in 1975, 16 patients have undergone aortic root augmentation by this method at the Woodruff Medical Center of Emory University. In four patients bioprosthetic valve degeneration 2 to 5 years after the Konno procedure has necessitated repeat operation and replacement of the prosthetic aortic valve. Modification of the septal patch or repeat right ventriculotomy has not been required. One patient required an additional lateral anulus-enlargement procedure (Manouguian) whereas the other three have demonstrated stability or growth of the aortic anulus. We have not observed recurrent subvalvular stenosis or problems with the right ventricular outflow tract. Repeat operation after aortoventriculoplasty has been relatively simple and has usually involved only the supra-annular aorta.

Adult↗