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Biomedical subjects

W Hamilton

Publications and source records attributed to W Hamilton.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

DNA ploidy, proliferation, and neu-oncogene protein overexpression in breast carcinoma.

DNA content, proliferative activity (Ki-67 immuno-staining and S-phase fraction by flow cytometry), and neu-oncogene overexpression were studied in 135 patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Image analysis and flow cytometry of fresh tumors showed good correlation between the two methods and yielded 39% diploid tumors and 61% aneuploid tumors. Aneuploidy, including tetraploidy, was significantly related to the loss of estrogen (p = 0.0002) and progesterone (p = 0.03) receptors, high histologic (p = 0.014) and nuclear (p less than 0.0001) grades, and mitotic rate (p = 0.0001). Immunohistochemical evaluation of proliferation by staining with Ki-67 monoclonal antibody and of neu-oncogene protein overexpression was performed in fresh frozen tissue from 83 tumors. The Ki-67 score, quantitated by the CAS-200 image analyzer, correlated only moderately with S-phase fraction obtained by flow cytometry by linear regression analysis (r = 0.39, p less than 0.001). However, both of these proliferation markers correlated strongly with the mitotic rate (p less than 0.0001). Aneuploid and tetraploid tumors demonstrated higher Ki-67 scores and S-phase fractions than diploid tumors. Neu-oncogene protein overexpression was seen in 24 tumors (29%) overall and was much higher in aneuploid tumors (38%) and tetraploid tumors (50%) than in diploid tumors (7%). However, the concentration of neu-oncogene protein positive tumors in the tetraploid region reported by others was not observed. Neu-oncogene protein overexpression was also associated with higher Ki-67 scores (p = 0.016) and S-phase fractions (p = 0.037).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

Foot and ankle disorders resulting from Lyme disease.

Ten cases of Lyme disease involving the foot and ankle are reported. Onset of symptoms was months to years before diagnosis. A variety of clinical foot and ankle problems resulted. Careful case histories and serologic testing resulted in proper diagnosis and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Clinical diagnosis of tamponade in Malawi.

A consecutive series of 25 Malawian patients with tamponade secondary to tuberculosis were compared to 25 patients with congestive cardiac failure, without pericardial effusion in a retrospective study. More patients with tamponade had an impalpable apex beat (21/1), pulsus paradoxus (13/0), soft heart sounds (13/2), paradoxical rise in jugular venous pressure (6/0), and fewer had a murmur (1/14). All these results are significant (p less than 0.05) by the chi 2 test with Yates' correction. The presence of two or more of these discriminating physical signs has a positive predictive value of 75 per cent, and a negative predictive value of 99.5 per cent for the diagnosis of tamponade. Clinical diagnosis of tamponade by primary health care personnel in Malawi should be possible, and lead to earlier treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Glucagonoma presenting as morbid obesity.

A case is described that represents the only reported patient with glucagonoma syndrome and morbid obesity. The diagnosis of glucagonoma should be considered in any patient with the classic criteria despite weight gain. The criteria for diagnosis of glucagonoma are 1) the presence of a glucagon-secreting tumor, 2) hyperglucagonemia, and 3) the clinical manifestations of either necrolytic migratory erythema, glucose intolerance, or hypoaminoacidemia.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1988

Methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia associated with Campylobacter jejuni enteritis.

A 7-week-old infant with methemoglobinemia, hemolytic anemia, and inadequate weight gain was found to have a Campylobacter jejuni gastrointestinal tract infection. Known etiologies of methemoglobinemia such as oxidative drug exposure, deficiency of NADH-methemoglobin reductase, and hemoglobin M disorder were excluded. The patient had a twin brother (probably identical) who had neither methemoglobinemia nor stool cultures positive for C. jejuni. The twin essentially served as an experimental control, making other environmental or genetic causes of methemoglobinemia unlikely in the patient. Both the methemoglobinemia and the C. jejuni infection responded to adequate treatment with erythromycin. The association of a C. jejuni infection with methemoglobinemia is discussed in light of previous associations of enteritis and methemoglobinemia in infants.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1987

Streptococcus pneumoniae endocarditis.

We have reported a case of Streptococcus pneumoniae endocarditis involving the aortic valve of a 61-year-old alcoholic man. Antibiotic therapy with vancomycin sterilized the blood and valve, but aortic valve replacement was required for progressive congestive heart failure resulting from a ruptured valve leaflet.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1986

Sex hormone priming prior to the combined hypoglycaemia test.

The insulin hypoglycaemia test (IHT) was performed on 3 groups of short stature children. One group was unprimed with sex steroid hormones, a second group received 17 beta-oestradiol, while a third group received testosterone. The dosage of insulin was adjusted to produce a nadir in blood glucose of reversible 1 mmol/L. When this level is achieved plasma growth hormone (GH) responses less than 10 mU/L are not improved by either priming procedure. It is suggested from the data that there is no place for a diagnosis of a partial GH deficiency state. When the IHT is combined with Gn-RH and TRH infusion the data derived may indicate GH-RH deficiency alone or additionally a CRF deficiency. Alternatively a pituitary insensitivity to these releasing substances or a pituitary synthetic failure of all trophic hormones may be adduced. Unless a releasing hormone is deficient and the pituitary is shown to be able to respond to its synthetic analogue, treatment with the available analogues will fail to give the desired clinical response.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Intraoperative monitoring using transesophageal 2-dimensional echocardiography].

Currently used monitoring techniques, such as measurements of blood pressure and heart rate, provide incomplete information about cardiac function during surgery. Invasive monitoring like intraoperative pulmonary artery pressure measurement with flow-directed balloon catheters may be more sensitive to detect cardiac instability, but they are associated with potentially fatal complications such as dysrhythmias and pulmonary artery rupture. In search of a more informative and yet safe intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring system, we have investigated the use of 2-D transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE). So far more than 400 patients were studied by TEE for up to 12 hours during elective surgery without any complications. High quality recordings of the left ventricle (LV) could be obtained in 87% of all patients. On the basis of the results presented below, we believe that TEE holds three fundamental advantages over the existing monitoring systems: it is inherently safer than intravascular measures, it allows direct assessment of LV filing, and it provides direct information on global and regional LV wall motion.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1979

The effect of cancer on the spin-lattice relaxation time of mouse blood and tissue.

Spin-lattice relaxation time measurements were made on the muscle, heart, kidneys, spleen, liver, brain and blood of both normal mice and those injected with Sarcoma-180. As well as a marked increase in the relaxation time of the tumour itself, mice injected with Sarcoma-180 showed a rise in the kidney relaxation time, along with blood relaxation times which were often either above or below the range found in normal mice. Correlation coefficients for the relaxation times of the various organs were calculated and found to be very sensitive to the physiological state of the animal. For healthy mice, the correlations were reasonably high, but even mild stress decreased the correlations, whilst the presence of cancer almost completely destroyed the correlations. These findings are all consistent with the hypothesis that cancer affects the water regulatory system of the animal as a whole.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Growth hormone response to prostaglandin E2.

C-AMP causes release of growth hormone from the pituitary. Prostaglandin increases pituitary adenylate cyclase and C-AMP and therefore acts like a growth hormone-releasing hormone. Using PGE2 (30 microgram per kilo body weight) given intravenously we have demonstrated that in no case was there a growth hormone response to insulin hypoglycaemia when PGE2 failed to evoke a response. However in 6 of 18 patients unresponsive to insulin hypoglycaemia a significant rise in growth hormone was obtained from PGE2. We argue that in these 6 patients hypothalamic unresponsiveness to hypoglycaemia must be operative whereas PGE2 acting directly at pituitary level is likely to have caused the release of preformed growth hormone from the pituitary. Administration of PGE2 does not cause hypoglycaemia but rather a slight rise in the plasma glucose level. Thus the risk of brain damage which is inherent in the insulin hypoglycaemia test is avoided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Essential fatty acid deficiency in neonates: inability to reverse deficiency by topical applications of EFA-rich oil.

Correction of essential fatty acid deficiency by transcutaneous absorption of topically applied EFA-rich oil has been reported. We measured serum EFA levels in two groups of neonates receiving fat-free total parenteral nutrition: nine control patients after 16 and 25 days of TPN, and six patients before and 12 days after beginning cutaneous application of 100 mg/kg/day of linoleic acid as sunflower seed oil. Progressive biochemical EFA deficiency occurred in all but one of the control patients. Of the six patients receiving 100 mg/kg/day of linoleic acid, one patient with mild deficiency improved, but progressive EFA deficiency occurred in the other five patients. Serum EFA levels were also measured in four patients following 76 days of TPN and daily application of high doses of topical safflower oil, all of whom had severe biochemical EFA deficiency. The topical application of EFA-rich oil cannot be assumed to be uniformly effective in reversing or preventing EFA deficiency. The transcutaneous absorption of essential fatty acids must be documented by appropriate measurements of EFA in serum lipids.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1978

Angina pectoris in a child with sickle cell anemia.

A 7-year-old black boy with sickle cell disease, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, mild left ventricular dysfunction, and normal coronary arteries developed angina pectoris five months after cessation of hypertransfusion therapy. Exercise-induced ECG ST segment depression associated with angina disappeared following transfusion therapy.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗