Biomedical subjects

W Happak

Publications and source records attributed to W Happak.

21 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1987

Surgical anatomy of the mimic muscle system and the facial nerve: importance for reconstructive and aesthetic surgery.

Mimic muscles are arranged in four layers regarding their origins, and these four layers should be considered when muscle tissue is added or lifted. All mimic muscles are built up by parallel fibers. Mean values of length, width, and thickness of the three lip elevators have been determined. These data might be of importance when dealing with this muscle system, which appears rather different from all other muscles in the human. The individual muscles receive their innervating facial nerve branches from their deeper surface when they belong to the superficial (first, second, or third) layer and from outside when they lie in the deepest (fourth) layer. Nerve branches communicate at least four times before innervating their respective muscles.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative anatomy of human and sheep laryngeal skeleton.

In a macroscopical study the dimensions of the adult laryngeal skeleton of man and sheep were compared. In both species the data for male and female were evaluated separately. In contrast to pronounced differences in size between male and female human larynges, the dimensions of both sexes in sheep proved to be very similar. In respect of 7 size values, the sheep larynx falls in the range between the male and female human larynx. This applies to most values for height, the antero-posterior diameter and the inferior breadth of the thyroid cartilage. In the sheep cricoid, the height of the lamina and the inner transverse diameter correspond closely to the human counterpart. The most conspicuous differences vis-à-vis the human larynx are the narrowing of the upper portion, the absent upper incisure of the thyroid and the relatively large dimensions of the arytenoid cartilages in sheep. Since in sheep the dimensions at the level of the glottis and of the subglottic space are within the range of the human larynx, the suitability of the sheep larynx as a model for experimental clinical laryngology is discussed.

Anatomy, Comparative↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative histochemistry of human and sheep laryngeal muscles.

Four laryngeal muscles of human male, human female and sheep female cadavers were evaluated by histological, histochemical and quantitative techniques. The muscle fibre sizes showed significant differences between human male, female and sheep. Fibre diameters of male human laryngeal muscles were 2 to 4 microns larger than in female human and 11 to 13 microns larger than in sheep muscles. In the group of human laryngeal muscles, the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle contained the highest percentage (65%) of type I fibres. In sheep, the homologous muscle consists only of 45% type I fibres. On the other hand, in sheep the cricothyroid muscle showed significantly more type I fibres (58%) than the human counterpart (43%). In both species the vocal muscles had a rather low content of type I fibres (26 to 37%).

Animals↗