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Biomedical subjects

W Harding

Publications and source records attributed to W Harding.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

The delivery of orthodontic care in New Zealand. Part I: Analysis of a census of orthodontists.

A two-part study was undertaken to determine the supply of orthodontic services in New Zealand. Part I focuses on services supplied by specialist orthodontists. A companion paper will describe the amount and characteristics of orthodontic services supplied by dentists. All orthodontists in New Zealand in 1999 were surveyed to provide information on practice location and days practiced in 1996 (the year of the last population Census), and the amount and type of orthodontic treatment carried out in the year 1 July 1998 to 30 June 1999. The response rate was 78.9 percent. Data from 1996 were used to establish and quantify the location and distribution of orthodontists in New Zealand, and their spatial relationship to 12-year-olds and 10- to 14-year-olds using Geographic Information Systems. The information from 1998-1999 was used to determine the amount and variety of services provided by orthodontists and the makeup of their patient base. Nearly two-thirds of orthodontists had a branch practice. Over 50 percent of the 10- to 14-year-old population resided within 5 km of an orthodontist, and nearly three-quarters within 10 km. Disparities between regions existed in the supply of specialist orthodontic services. The catchment areas of main urban areas had more than three times the supply of orthodontists to 12-year-olds than did the secondary and minor urban areas combined. The mean average active patient load was 371, and the mean number of full upper and lower fixed appliances placed was 130.3 during the year of the study. Nearly half of all patients had been referred from dentists, approximately one-quarter were self-referred, and a quarter had been referred by dental therapists. Adults comprised 12.1 percent of the patient load of orthodontists; 60 percent were female.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The delivery of orthodontic care in New Zealand. Part II: Analysis of a census of dentists.

Part I of this study reported the level and distribution of the supply of specialist orthodontic services in New Zealand. This paper focuses on the amount and variety of orthodontic services supplied by dentists. A questionnaire sent to all dentists in New Zealand sought information on the amount and type of orthodontic treatment carried out between 1 July 1998 and 30 June 1999. The reply rate was 80.9 percent. The majority of dentists carried out some form of orthodontic treatment, predominantly of a minor nature. A small number provided significant amounts of treatment, both simple and complex. The majority of orthodontic treatment and the majority of comprehensive fixed-appliance treatment were undertaken by orthodontists. One-quarter of all orthodontic patients in New Zealand were treated by dentists, irrespective of the complexity of treatment. Nearly a fifth of all full fixed upper and lower appliances, and nearly a third of all single-arch fixed appliances were placed by dentists during the study period. In general, male dentists, dentists over the age of 40, those who had attended an orthodontic continuing education course in the previous 5 years, and those who referred fewer patients to an orthodontist carried out more procedures, including those of a complex nature; they also had a higher average active orthodontic patient load. Wanting to be more or less busy had little influence on the amount or complexity of treatment performed. Dentists in regions with a low supply of specialist orthodontic services provided more comprehensive fixed appliance treatment and had a higher orthodontic patient load. However, the presence or absence of an orthodontist in an urban area seemed to have little impact on the complexity of treatment or the orthodontic patient load of dentists. Despite fewer orthodontists in secondary and minor urban areas, dentists in these areas did not have a higher orthodontic patient load, but carried out a wider range of procedures and more complex procedures than those in main urban areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Thoreau's sexuality.

Although Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) has often been described as lacking in sexual drive or at most a rather reluctant heterosexual, a close study of his life and writings indicates the presence of a pronounced vein of homoeroticism--although there seems to be no concrete evidence of any homosexual activity on his part. Cognizance of that homoeroticism helps one to understand many elements of his life and writings and suggests that his intense love of nature may have resulted from sublimation of that homoeroticism.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed1978

Dithiols simulate endotoxin in the Limulus reaction.

Dithiothreitol, dithioerythritol and bacterial lipopolysaccharides increase optical absorbance and clot Limulus lysate. Purification of dithiothreitol from possible endotoxin contamination by vacuum sublimation or chromatography does not abolish the reaction with lysate. The dithiols reported active here represent the smallest molecules capable of simulating endotoxin in the Limulus test.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1978

A controlled smoking intervention programme in secondary schools.

This paper reports the result of an attempt to modify the cigarette smoking habits and attitudes of third and fourth form secondary school pupils. Baseline data was collected in two schools using an interviewer administered questionnaire. In one school a new intervention programme based on curriculum development was introduced. The other school had routine anti-smoking education only. The smoking habits and attitudes of the pupils were remeasured after seven months. In neither school was there a change in either smoking habits or attitudes. The implications of these results for future health education programmes are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Cigarette smoking habits, attitudes and associated social factors in adolescents.

Cigarette smoking habits and attitudes and associated social factors of 997 third and fourth form pupils were studied, using an interviewer administered questionnaire, in two co-educational secondary schools as part of a smoking intervention programme. Overall, 32 percent of the pupils were regular smokers with 15% smoking more than two cigarettes per day. The majority of smokers began smoking before secondary school; boys started earlier than girls,nd heavy smokers earlier than light smokers. The commonest reason for giving up smoking was personal dislike. Heavy smokers were more likely to have respiratory symptoms than other pupils. The smoking habits of the pupils were related to those of their parents, siblings and friends. The majority of pupils thought cigarette smoking bad for their health irrespective of their own smoking habits.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using research in community nursing.

The concept of evidence-based medicine has received considerable attention, but the distinctive nature of evidence within community nursing has not been fully explored. This study examines the nature of evidence within community nursing and the factors influencing use of evidence. Although much of the literature has concentrated on individuals as sites of resistance to evidence-based change, the findings of this study suggest that organisational and cultural factors represent more significant obstacles.

Community Health Nursing↗