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W Heine

Publications and source records attributed to W Heine.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Comparison of gastric emptying, blood glucose, and oro-cecal transit times after a conventional morning meal and a Kollath breakfast].

Blood glucose kinetics and intestinal transit times were investigated in 12 adult volunteers aged 28 to 52 years after ingestion of a conventional morning meal made up of white flour rolls, butter, marmalade, and coffee with sugar as compared with an isocaloric Kollath-breakfast consisting of whole wheat flakes as a basis. For estimation of gastric emptying time the sodium-[13C]acetate breath test technique was used. Oro-coecal transit time and gastric emptying were determined by simultaneous administration of lactose-[13C]ureide and consecutive drawings of breath samples in intervals of 15, 30, and 60 min through 12 h. The 13CO2-excess of the breath test samples was measured by continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The postprandial rise in blood glucose following the ingestion of the Kollath-breakfast was lower as compared with the conventional morning meal, showing significant differences between the 90 min values and the area below the blood glucose curve. The half time of gastric emptying was not different between the two breakfast versions (1.7 vs. 1.6 h). The oro-coecal transit time averaged out at 4.2 h after the Kollath-breakfast and 5.3 h following the conventional morning meal. Likewise, there were no significant differences in the coecal retention time nor in the cumulative percentage of 13CO2-exhalation between the two breakfast versions. Concerning the blood glucose kinetics the differences in the nutritional physiology between the breakfast based on whole wheat flakes and the conventional breakfast as claimed by Kollath were only detectable in outlines in our study. Gastric emptying time showed no differences between the two breakfast versions.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

15N-tracer studies in formula-fed preterm infants: the role of glycine supply in protein turnover.

In preterm infants, protein-turnover rates obtained by [15N]glycine as a tracer are known to be overestimated. This may reflect the insufficient supply of dietary glycine. In this randomized study, the influence of a glycine-rich diet on whole body protein turnover rates in eight male preterm infants (29-32 weeks, 1,200-2,540 g birthweight) using the 15N-tracer technique on days 21 and 28 of life was investigated to evaluate the necessity of supplementing preterm infant formulas with proteins rich in glycine. Before and during the study, the infants were alternately fed with a commercial available preterm infant formula (I, 2% protein, 40 mg glycine/dl) and a variety of this formulation with glycine-rich proteins (II, 2% protein, 130 mg glycine/dl). The protein-turnover rates were computed after 15N-single-pulse labeling with the help of the three-compartment model (TCM) and the urinary ammonia end-product method (AEPM). The tracer used was [15N]glycine (dosage: 2 mg 15N/kg). For the determination of 15N-excess-excretion kinetics, fractionated urine specimens were collected over a 36-h period. The protein-turnover rate calculated by TCM was 8.8 +/- 1.6 g/kg/day (formula I) and 7.7 +/- 2.0 g/kg/day (formula II); using AEPM, the rate was 8.7 +/- 2.5 g/kg/day and 7.5 +/- 1.5 g/kg/day, respectively. We conclude that the presaturation of the precursor pool by an adequate glycine intake minimizes drawbacks that may arise when using [15N]-glycine as a tracer in preterm infants, and a protein concentration of 2%, as in formula I, and consequently, a 170% glycine content when compared with the same human milk volume, meets the glycine requirement.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1996

alpha-Lactalbumin-enriched low-protein infant formulas: a comparison to breast milk feeding.

Tryptophan (TRP) is the limiting amino acid in low-protein infant formulas. This is mainly due to lower alpha-lactalbumin (alpha LA) content in cow's milk whey as compared with human milk protein. To study the effect of alpha LA-enrichment on the TRP supply, cross-over studies were carried out in 20 healthy infants up to 3 months of age. In this study, two protein-reduced (1.3%) infant formulas (moderate TRP content of 1.88% and higher TRP content of 2.10%) were alternately fed over a 2 week period in two groups of infants. Serum TRP levels of the formula-fed infants with the higher TRP content did not differ significantly from an exclusively breastfed control group of 11 infants (10.5 +/- 4.8 versus 10.9 +/- 4.7 mg l-1, p = 0.841), whereas levels of the formula-fed infants with the moderate TRP content were significantly lower (7.4 +/- 3.9, p = 0.038). The supplementation of alpha LA resulting in a higher TRP supply to low-protein diets is a further step towards the production of infant formulas more closely adapted to human breast milk.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1995

Enhancement of lysozyme trypsin-mediated decay of intestinal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.

Lysozyme-mediated lysis of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli was studied in in vitro tests using the agar gel plate and turbidometric Micrococcus luteus (lysodeikticus) procedure as a standard. Suspensions of the strains Bifidobacterium infantis, B. infantis liberorum, B. breve, B. longum, B. ssp, and Lactobacillus acidophilus proved to be resistant to egg white lysozyme and human milk lysozyme when incubated at 37 degrees C in concentrations of 5, 50, and 500 mg lysozyme/L, respectively, through 30 and 60 min. Heat treatment at 100 degrees C for 1 h and pretreatment with ether, acetone, ascorbic acid, and hydrogen peroxide failed to incline the bacteria to the lytic effects of lysozyme. Consecutive incubation of the lysozyme-pretreated bacteria with trypsin resulted in a significantly enhanced bacteriolysis in all strains of bacteria, with the exception of B. longum. The mode of action of lysozyme and proteolytic enzymes on Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli offers an explanation for the release of microbial building blocks and their colonic absorption and retention in the breast-fed baby.

Acetone↗
PubMed1995

Tracer kinetic studies on a methionine-supplemented soy-based infant formula using 1-13C- and 15N-methionine as tracers.

A tracer-kinetic study using 1-13C- and 15N-labeled L-methionine was conducted in order to measure the retention rate of free methionine added to commercially-produced soy-based infant formulas. Twelve male infants, fed on a soy formula, received a single-pulse labeling by oral administration of L-1-13C-methionine (5 mg/kg) and L-15N-methionine (10 mg/kg). The abundance of expired 13C-labeled CO2 was measured up to 7 h after administration at 15-, 30-, and 60-min intervals. Additionally, enrichment of total 15N and 15N in urinary ammonia were determined up to 48 h after administration. Retention rates of the labeled carboxyl group amounted to an average of 91.2% (SD 4.1) of the intake. A similar retention rate was measured for the 15N-label of methionine (90.0%, SD 4.3). The data point at the efficacy of methionine supplementation of soy-based infant formulas.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1994

Committee report: childhood diet and prevention of coronary heart disease. ESPGAN Committee on Nutrition. European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition.

Coronary heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Europe, particularly northern, central, and eastern Europe. Several strategies have been recommended for children and adolescents to promote a healthy lifestyle and thereby reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in later life. The European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (ESPGAN) Committee on Nutrition reviewed some of these strategies, and our conclusions and recommendations are reported herein.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Sialic acid in breast milk and infant formula food].

OBJECTIVE: Sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid, NANA) is an essential component of mucins, glycoproteins and gangliosides and therefore important for the function of cell membranes, membrane receptors and the normal development of the brain. The capacity of the metabolic pathway for the synthesis of sialic acid from glucose and other carbohydrate sources in preterm infants and term-born neonates is currently unknown. METHODS: In the present study the overall nutritional sialic acid supply of infants was analysed by means of HPLC-based determination of sialic acid concentrations in a total of 51 human milk samples obtained from nursing mothers at different stages of lactation. The data were compared with 3 commercial preterm infant formulas, 7 adapted infant formulas, 11 partially adapted infant formulas, 4 follow-up and 2 soy-based formulas. RESULTS: The sialic acid concentration in colostrum and transitory human milk was 1300 +/- 322 mg/l. After the 10th day of lactation the concentration dropped to 983 +/- 455 mg/l (p < 0.01). Preterm infant formulas contained 197 +/- 31, adapted formulas 190 +/- 31, partially adapted formulas 100 +/- 33, follow-up formulas 100 +/- 33 and soy-based formulas 34 +/- 9 mg sialic acid/l, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Formula-fed infants obtain less than 20% of the amount of sialic acid supplied if breast-fed. A sufficient sialic acid supply may be essential in very-low-birth-weight infants and neonates at risk for the normal development of brain function.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Quo vadis--infant nutrition in the European Community? A comment on the guideline of the EC Commission on initial infant and subsequent nutrition].

The new European Community guidelines on infant nutrition formulas, their contents and their declaration, effective since January 1993, do not indicate a scientifically sound progress in infant nutrition. Several of the contents listed (i.e. carbohydrates) may be of potential risk to health. In the future, European paediatricians will have to occupy themselves more concisely with the contents of marketed infant formulas. Individual solutions may have to be found for some patients.

Europe↗
PubMed1992

Whole-body protein parameters in premature infants: a comparison of different 15N tracer substances and different methods.

[15N]glycine, [15N]leucine, and [15N]yeast protein thermitase hydrolysate (YPTH) as tracers for investigating the protein turnover rates in premature infants were studied in nine human milk-fed neonates (born after 32 to 34 wk of gestation) by paired comparison of the tracers. The 15N enrichment of total urinary nitrogen and ammonia after administration of a single oral dose of 15N was measured by emission spectrometry. Flux rates were calculated using a three-compartment model and the ammonia end product method. The mean whole-body protein synthesis rates, as determined by the three-compartment model derived from the three 15N tracers, differed significantly (p less than 0.01) among [15N]glycine (15.9 g/kg/d), [15N] leucine (9.1 g/kg/d), and 15N-YPTH (5.9 g/kg/d). When the corresponding rates were determined from the excretion of label in ammonia, the results showed the opposite tendency; the lowest apparent synthesis rates were found after [15N]glycine (7.5 g/kg/d), followed by [15N]leucine (14.4 g/kg/d), and the highest figure resulted after [15N] YPTH (16.7 g/kg/d). The results of this comparison substantiate the assumption that there are methodologic errors in connection with the use of different tracers and models for the calculation of whole-body protein parameters in preterm infants, with respect to the main requirement for tracer kinetic studies; the tracer nitrogen must be representative of total amino acid nitrogen. Seen in this light, mixtures of completely labeled amino acids such as YPTH may represent the most reliable tracer substance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Fungal Proteins↗
PubMed1992

[Phosphate concentration. Does reduction in infant formula feeding modify the micro-ecology of the intestine?].

The potential influence of phosphates in formulas on intestinal microflora was studied in 25 infants, aged 8 days to 12 weeks. The babies were either fed an infant formula with the usual phosphate concentration (n = 10) or an infant formula with reduced phosphate and protein concentrations (n = 7). The microbiological findings were compared with those obtained from breastfed infants (n = 8). Low-phosphate concentrations did not correlate with a predominance of bifidobacteria or suppression of putrefactive bacteria in the feces. The fecal excretion of phosphates and fat was found to be significantly lower with mother's milk compared to formulas both rich and poor in phosphate. Protein synthesis and breakdown rates, as well as the net protein gain, did not have a significant correlation with protein intake.

Bifidobacterium↗
PubMed1992

Host-microflora correlations in infant nutrition.

The intestinal microflora represents an enormous cell mass and has a high metabolic capacity. The symbiotic efficacy of these microbes in humans is still a matter of discussion. Of particular interest, from a biogenetic point of view, are potential symbiotic relations between the bifidobacterial microflora and the breast-fed infant. Our group has conducted studies related to this topic; they were aimed at determining the dimension of microbial assimilation by the host. Our studies with 15N-labeled bifidobacteria have shown that the bifidobacterial microflora is capable of upgrading nonessential nitrogen such as urea nitrogen for the synthesis of microbial protein. Oral single pulse labelings with 15N-labeled bifidobacteria were absorbed to approximately 90% and retained in the infant's protein pool to approximately 70%. These findings demonstrate the high intensity of the substrate flow from the microflora to the host. This might become important under conditions of marginal food protein intake or during periods of accelerated growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Symbiotic interactions between colonic microflora and protein metabolism in infants.

The utilization of 15N nitrogen from 15N-labelled bifidobacteria for whole body protein synthesis was studied in 4 infants by oral single-pulse labellings and in 3 other infants, who had colostomies, by colonic pulse labellings. The bifidobacteria were harvested from a modified Petuely culture medium containing 15N ammonium chloride and 15N cystine as the only sources of nitrogen. The tracer dose chosen for the balance studies was 3 mg 15N/kg. 15N concentrations in urine and feces collected over 48 hours after the pulse labellings were determined by emission spectrometry. Oral administration of 15N-labelled bifidobacteria resulted in absorption of approximately 90% renal excretion of 15%, and fecal excretion of 12% of the tracer dose, respectively. Retention in the protein pool averaged 73%. After colonic single pulse labelling with 15N-labelled bifidobacteria, the corresponding values were 85.5%, 2.2%, 14.5% and 83.0%, respectively. Absorption and incorporation of the heavy nitrogen into body proteins were directly demonstrated by increased 15N atom percent excess values within the trichloroacetic acid (TCA) supernatants and the proteins of the plasma, 0.25 and 0.04 atom%, respectively, at 24 hours after oral pulse labellings. One half of the total 15N excreted in urine consisted of urea and approximately 8% was eliminated as ammonia.

Bifidobacterium↗
PubMed1991

[Carbohydrates in parenteral nutrition solutions in pediatrics--a critical evaluation].

Application of carbohydrates in pediatric infusion therapy has recently been limited to glucose and xylitol. Fructose and sorbitol, which formerly had been used widely as energy sources in parenteral nutrition, have meanwhile been banned in order to prevent fatal complications in patients with undiscovered hereditary disturbances in fructose metabolism. The aim of this review is to focus the attention on potential side effects and limitations of glucose administration in pediatric infusion therapy. With special regard to total parenteral nutrition in preterm infants, sufficient glucose conversion to N-acetylneuraminic acid and other carbohydrate building blocks of glycoproteins and gangliosides is to be placed in question. This might have consequences for normal brain development and can be considered a challenge for future research work in this field.

Blood Glucose↗