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Biomedical subjects

W Hendrickse

Publications and source records attributed to W Hendrickse.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Slow-wave activity during non-REM sleep in men with schizophrenia and major depressive disorders.

Both major depressive disorders (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ) have been associated with reductions in slow-wave (Stages 3 and 4) sleep, although these findings are controversial. The present study compared quantitative EEG measures of slow-wave activity (0.5-4 Hz) during non-REM (NREM) sleep among age-matched, symptomatic but unmedicated, depressed, schizophrenic and healthy control men (n=13/group). The amplitude of slow-wave activity (SWA) in the first NREM sleep period was significantly lower in both the MDD and SZ groups compared with controls. However, the time course of SWA, its accumulation and dissipation over all NREM sleep time, was abnormal in the MDD group but not in those with SZ. These findings suggest that the regulation of SWA is impaired in men with MDD but not in SZ. Thus, although those with SZ show reduced amplitude SWA in the first NREM period, there is no evidence that homeostatic regulation of SWA is impaired in this psychiatric group.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Methods to improve diagnostic accuracy in a community mental health setting.

OBJECTIVE: This study determined the extent to which adding structured procedures improved diagnostic accuracy for outpatients with severe mental illness in a community mental health setting. METHOD: The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) was used to interview 200 psychiatric outpatients. A research nurse reviewed medical records and amended the SCID diagnoses accordingly. A research psychiatrist or psychologist reviewed the diagnostic data and interviewed each patient to verify or further modify the previous findings. Diagnostic outcomes at each step of the procedure were compared to determine whether adding additional data improved diagnostic accuracy. The additional time required for each element of the diagnostic procedure was also assessed. RESULTS: Kappa comparisons of the different diagnostic levels showed that adding additional data significantly improved accuracy. Diagnoses rendered by combining the SCID and review of the medical record were the most accurate, followed by the SCID alone, and then diagnoses made by psychiatrists during routine care. In addition, the SCID alone identified five times as many current and past secondary diagnoses as were documented routinely in patients' charts. CONCLUSIONS: Combining structured interviewing with a review of the medical record appears to produce more accurate primary diagnoses and to identify more secondary diagnoses than routine clinical methods. The patients' knowledge of their diagnoses was limited, suggesting a need for patient education in this setting. Whether use of structured interviewing in routine practice improves patient outcomes deserves further study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

A two-factor model of aggression.

This article synthesizes theoretical material from psychology research into a practical model for conceptualizing violence in psychiatric settings. Relevant research and theory are reviewed, focusing on two important behavioral models of aggressive behavior, hostile aggression and instrumental aggression. The concepts of reinforcement, anticipated rewards, specific and nonspecific stimulus-driven aggression, intermediary emotional states in aroused persons, and the aggression stimulus threshold are developed into a bimodal model applicable to the clinical management of violence. The model provides a broad framework for categorizing, understanding, and addressing aggressive behavior in clinical settings.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Malignant Post-Vietnam Stress Syndrome revisited.

Malignant Post-Vietnam Stress Syndrome describes a severe form of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. We update the concept of Malignant Post-Vietnam Stress Syndrome, considering the effects of repeated severe traumatization, exposure to atrocities, and a variety of comorbid conditions. An illustrative case report demonstrates an interdisciplinary treatment approach, combining case management, brief hospitalizations, symptom-directed use of medications, and supportive psychotherapy.

Case Management↗
PubMed1996

Characteristics of patients with substance abuse diagnoses on a general psychiatry unit in a VA Medical Center.

OBJECTIVE: The study examined characteristics associated with substance abuse among patients on a VA general inpatient psychiatry unit. METHODS: A total of 452 consecutive discharge summaries from a six-month period were examined for a recorded diagnosis of psychoactive substance abuse or dependence and evidence of negative social or health effects from the use of drugs or alcohol within one month of admission. The summaries were divided into three groups-no active substance abuse, active alcohol dependence, and two or more active substance dependencies. The demographic, diagnostic, and treatment outcome characteristics of the three groups were compared. RESULTS: Fifty-eight percent of the summaries included evidence of dependence on at least one substance. The three study groups differed in age, gender, racial mix, and psychiatric comorbidity. The group with no active substance abuse had an older mean age, included a higher proportion of women, and had a higher proportion of patients with bipolar disorder (manic), unipolar depression, and dementia. The group with two or more substance dependencies had a younger mean age, a higher proportion of African Americans, and a higher proportion of patients with cluster B personality disorders and schizophrenia. The group with alcohol dependence only was intermediate in age between the other two groups and had a racial mix similar to that of the group with no substance abuse. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of veterans seeking mental health care have substance dependencies. The relatively distinct profiles of the patients who abuse alcohol only and those who abuse more than one substance suggest the need for programs specifically tailored to each of these two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The transfer of free fatty acids across the human placenta.

Thirty-three matched maternal venous and umbilical cord vein and artery plasma samples were obtained at elective caesarean section and the concentrations of the individual free fatty acids determined. The maternal levels were 1.009 (SEM 0.043) and the umbilical vein-artery difference was 0.036 (SEM 0.011) mmol/l. There was a significant correlation between the mean concentration in maternal venous blood and the vein-artery difference for myristic, palmitic, stearic, linoleic and docosahexaenoic acids but not for oleic acid. When arachidonic acid concentration in the fetus was high, then the vein-artery difference was negative (flow to the placenta), when it was low, the difference was positive (flow to the fetus). Thus whilst there appears in general to be a flow of fatty acid to the fetus dependent on maternal free fatty acid concentrations, the transfer of arachidonic acid is largely determined by other factors. The reasons why oleic acid does not behave like the other fatty acids is not clear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis by latex particle agglutination.

A simple latex particle agglutination test for the rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis plasma membrane antigen in cerebrospinal fluid was evaluated in 18 children with tuberculous meningitis and 134 control children with other disorders. The antigen was detected in all 18 patients with tuberculous meningitis, although an initial sample from 1 patient did not contain detectable antigen before it was concentrated. 133 of 134 control samples gave negative results.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1982

Energy intake and weight gain of very low birthweight babies fed raw expressed breast milk.

The energy intake and weight gain of low birthweight infants (under 1500 g) fed expressed breast milk were measured. Between the second and fourth weeks of life the mean energy intake was 577 kJ (138 kcals)/kg/day and the mean weekly increase in weight 119 g/week. Feeding energy-rich hind milk to two babies increased their energy intake but had little effect on their rate of weight gain. There appeared to be no correlation between energy intake and weight gain, probably owing to variation in the absorption of nutrients from expressed breast milk. This study forms a basis for a comparison of weight gain in babies fed alternative regimens of artificial milks.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Investigation of [14C] linoleic acid conversion into [14C] arachidonic acid and placental transfer of linoleic and palmitic acids across the perfused human placenta.

In five separate experiments in which single placental lobes were perfused, [14C] antipyrine, [3H] dextran and a fatty acid mixture containing [14C] linoleic and [3H] palmitic acids were added to the maternal circuit. Samples of fetal and maternal perfusate, taken at intervals, were analysed for radioactivity and fatty acid content. The relative placental transport rates of antipyrine, linoleic and palmitic acids and the changes in maternal and fetal circuit content of linoleic, palmitic and arachidonic acids were measured. Mean transfer rates of 150, 0.023 and 0.034 mumol min-1 were obtained for [14C] antipyrine, [3H] palmitic and [14C] linoleic acids, respectively. The transfer of [3H] dextran was negligible. The transfer rates of linoleic and palmitic acids did not differ significantly from one another. The maternal circuit content of palmitic and arachidonic acids increased, whereas linoleic acid content decreased. The fetal content of all three acid increased but in the case of arachidonic and palmitic acids the increase was not as great as that seen in the maternal circuit. In no experiment was radioactivity detected in maternal or fetal perfusate arachidonic acid. It is concluded that linoleic and palmitic acids cross the placenta from the maternal to the fetal side. This transfer appears to be non-selective. The large amounts of arachidonic acid that are released into the perfusate probably originate from placental lipids other than free linoleic acid.

Antipyrine↗