Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to W Hermanns.
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The cytogenetic relationship between synovial lining cell type A and macrophages both involved in joint destruction is still obscure. By means of enzyme histochemistry we tried to demonstrate marker enzymes of macrophages, like non-specific esterase and acid phosphatase in lining cells of normal and arthritic rats too. The pattern of esterase-positive cells depends on the arrangement of the lining cell layer. In flat layers single cells and in compact layers the upper row of cells react positively. The activity of acid phosphatase is negligible as compared with macrophages in liver, lung, or spleen. In arthritic joints acid phosphatase of lining cells increases and non-specific esterase concomitantly decreases. In the subsynovial tissue large amounts of esterase-positive cells occur. In these enzyme histochemical studies the pattern of marker enzymes may be indicative for a population of macrophages within the lining cell layer still under normal conditions.
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A method is presented for the immunohistochemical demonstration of antigens in whole undecalcified joints of small laboratory animals. With this method of tissue preparation, involving embedding in a medium mainly based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, preservation of antigenicity is satisfactory. Antigens can be demonstrated in 2 micron sections by either immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase and an indirect technique. Therefore in addition to the morphological analysis of joint alterations in experimental polyarthritis, there is now an opportunity to trace the inciting antigen and to study in parallel the enzymatic equipment of the cells involved, using consecutive sections from a single block of tissue.
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In the course of a chronic experimental study of polyarthritis in rats, we have established a plastic embedding technique which allows the processing not only of soft tissues but also of tissues such as cartilage, intraarticular ligaments, and even undecalcified whole rat joints and provides broad survival of enzymes and antigens. Preservation of morphological details and the precision of antigen localization are superior to those seen in cryostat and paraffin sections. The method seems to have much diagnostic and investigative value, especially in arthritis research.
In the present work transponders of 2 identification systems have been implanted on an exactly defined site at the bottom of the ear on 28 horses. The Backhome system is easier to handle and less complicated than the trovan system since it is smaller and handier. The hemorrhages that had occurred after the injection were mild at 17 animals and moderate at 4 animals. Inflame changes at the injection site post application were limited to minor swellings (n = 3) and minor pain (n = 6). The interrogator's scope of the two transponder systems is different. The interrogator's scope of the trovan transponder was approximate 5 to 10 cm and of the Backhome transponder approximate 15 to 25 cm resulting in a higher benefit. All 14 slaughtered horses were examined pathologically in different periods and two transponders were found to have changed their sites considerably at approximately 8 to 10 cm compared with the initial injection site. The connective tissue surrounding the transponder was transparent and thin in cases where the transponder had been implanted 30 days ago or earlier, histopathologically the tissue thickness changed. Inflammatory changes appeared in 3 cases as a minor perivasculitis and in further 5 cases as a collection of single siderophages. In the remaining 5 cases no inflammation was determined. The minor changes and lack of inflammation reflect the high biocompatibility of transponders.