Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of some important pathogens isolated in Poland in 1991-1993.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
Biomedical subjects
W Hryniewicz
Publications and source records attributed to W Hryniewicz.
National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw, Poland 1918-1993.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Academies and Institutes↗
[Evaluation of different methods for detecting resistance of staphylococcus aureus strains to methicillin].
Resistance to methicillin of 70 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from infection and 6 standard strains was evaluated by screening and disc diffusion techniques. Amongst wild S. aureus isolates 28 were identified as methicillin-susceptible (MSSA), 18 as heterogeneously resistant and 24 as homogeneously resistant to methicillin (MRSA). The best detection of methicillin-resistance was obtained by two screening techniques 1) on Mueller-Hinton agar with 6 mg oxacillin per litre and incubation for 40 hours at 37 degrees C. The evaluation of commercial test Crystal MRSA ID System proved its high usefulness in proper detection of MRSA and allowed to get results in 4 hours. Disk diffusion with 1 microgram oxacillin disk and incubation for 20 hours at 30 degrees C prove to be the most reliable out of all disc diffusion techniques studied although inferior to screening techniques.
Methicillin Resistance↗
[Use of western-blotting technique and computer analysis for comparing cellular antigens of coagulase-negative staphylococci].
Western-Blotting technique and computer programme have been used to analyse cellular antigenic patterns of coagulase-negative staphylococci mainly of S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus species. It was shown that antigenic pattern among strains of one species was similar. Intra strains differences are mainly quantitative. The qualitative differences concern not quantitatively dominant antigens. The main antigens of S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus strains were of 28 and 44 kD molecular weight respectively. The antigens of molecular weight around 44, 48, 89 and 105 kD were detected in antigenic extract of strains from different species. Only one of the quantitatively dominant antigen of m. w. 48 kD, was localised in all analysed materials. The method presented here was used for the first time to analyse staphylococcal antigens. Such analysis could be performed not only for bacterial antigens.
Antigens, Bacterial↗
Bacterial resistance in eastern Europe--selected problems.
The profile of infection and pattern of bacterial resistance in Eastern Europe is distinct from that observed in other parts of the world. Several Polish investigations have reported that environmental pollution may increase the risk of respiratory disease. Studies from Hungary and Romania have documented a dramatic increase in the proportion of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains resistant to antibiotics. In comparison, resistance to these agents amongst Polish pneumococci isolates is lower, although these pathogens and Streptococcus pyogenes have displayed increasing tetracycline resistance. 20% of Polish Haemophilus influenzae isolates and a high percentage of Moraxella catarrhalis strains exhibit ampicillin resistance. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been found to constitute 22% of Polish S. aureus strains. Two major clones of MRSA have been identified in Poland which differ in their degree of antimicrobial resistance. The pattern of antimicrobial resistance amongst Polish respiratory pathogens is undoubtedly a reflection of management policies and the use of these drugs. It is hoped that the economic and political changes taking place within Eastern Europe will provide the information and resources to establish more efficient infection control and antibiotic policy and thus delay and limit the appearance of bacterial resistance.
Air Pollution↗
Comparison of simple methods of methicillin-resistance detection and evaluation of some properties of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains.
Population analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and determination of their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents were performed. It was found, that the methicillin-resistant strains belonged to resistance classes II and III. All methicillin-resistant S. aureus were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, vancomycin and teicoplanin. Differences between classes were observed in susceptibility to erythromycin and gentamicin.
Ciprofloxacin↗
Staphylococcal lipase affects phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by human granulocytes and monocytes.
The rate of immunological and non-immunological phagocytosis of staphylococci by lipase pre-treated human granulocytes and monocytes was compared. It was found that the effect of this enzyme on two types of cells is opposite. Lipase decreases phagocytosis by granulocytes and increases by monocytes. The revealed differences between phagocytosing cells studied prompted us to investigate the influence of lipase on Fc receptors on these cells (rosette EA test). The different susceptibility of Fc receptors on non-activated phagocytes to lipase was found. This could be at least partially responsible for the difference observed between phagocytic activity of granulocytes (decreased) and monocytes (increased) pretreated with staphylococcal lipase. Inactivated enzyme showed a similar effect as active enzyme in the case of granulocytes. However, inactivated enzyme had no effect on rosette formation by lipase pretreated monocytes, indicating an enzymatic effect.
Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic↗
[Evaluation of usefulness of the PYR-Wellcome test for identifying microorganisms from the genus enterococcus].
The study was aimed at evaluation of usefulness of PYR-Wellcome test in bacteriological diagnostic. Results of identification of enterococcal strains by application of the above test were performed on 157 strains of Enterococcus spp., 15 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and 12 of Streptococcus bovis. Application of test for PYR-ase production results in shortening of diagnostic procedure. Basing on morphological features, including type of hemolysis, lack of catalase production and presence in the bacterial cell of a peptidase hydrolyzing L-pirrolidonyl-beta-naphthylamide, it is possible to classify with high probability the investigated microorganism to the Enterococcus spp. The Shortened procedure is satisfactory for routine identification of enterococcal strains in diagnostic laboratories.
Enterococcus↗
[Evaluation of susceptibility to antibiotics of Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to methicillin].
Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) constitute a serious diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Over 500 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were tested for susceptibility to methicillin. By application of a screening method, 13.7% of these strains were classified as methicillin-resistant. Over 95% of these strains were isolated from hospital infections. Applying criteria of belonging of these strains to methicillin-resistance classes it was found that 49.3% belonged to class II, 31.2% to class III and 19.5% to class IV. Analysis of susceptibility to antibiotics of MRSA strains demonstrated significant differences between class II and between class III and IV in resistance to imipenem, gentamycin, erythromycin and tetracycline. All tested strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, vancomycin and teicoplanin. The screening method (25 mg methicillin/l of TSA medium) results in obtaining of univocal results of determination of methicillin-resistance in S. aureus.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Lipase versus teichoic acid and alpha-toxin as antigen in an enzyme immunoassay for serological diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus infections.
Titres of IgG antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus lipase were analysed in 448 sera from patients suspected of having Staphylococcus aureus infections and the results compared to those for the routinely used staphylococcal antigens teichoic acid and alpha-toxin. The results indicated that determination of serum antibodies to lipase is a sensitive assay for serological diagnosis of staphylococcal infections and increased sensitivity may be achieved by selection of optimal antigen combinations.
Adolescent↗
[Preparation of Staphylococcus aureus antigens for evaluation of their immunological reactivity with the human sera by the western blot method].
Extracellular antigens as well as cell wall extracts of 4 S. aureus strains isolated from different kinds of infection were analysed by Western-Blott technique. Materials obtained in two systems of bacteria cultivation (with and without aeration) were compared. Four systems of PAGE (native conditions, with 8.0 M urea, with SDS and SDS after previous reduction of the material with 2-mercaptoethanol) were compared in order to get the best differentiation of proteins and antigens. Immunological reactivity of the antigens mixture with two human sera: highly positive (with three S. aureus antigens in ELISA) from patient with staphylococcal sepsis and negative (from blood donor) were analysed. The best results were obtained after reduction of the cell wall extracted material in SDS-PAGE. The different protein patterns depending on the strain and the method of bacteria cultivation were observed. The standardisation of Western-Blott technique was performed, including titration of the sera to get the best differentiation of the antigens. The difference in immunological reactivity of the positive and negative sera with staphylococcal antigens mixture showed rather quantitative than qualitative character.
Air↗
[Humoral response to Staphylococcus aureus antigens evaluated by the western blotting method].
Cellular antigens extracted from the cells of four Staphylococcus aureus strains from different kinds of infections (sepsis, osteomyelitis, furunculosis) were analysed by the western blotting technique. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the strains was compared. One isolate was found to be MRSA strain. Sera samples from patients of whom strains were isolated and four sera from blood donors (as a control) were used in the investigation. IgG levels for purified staphylococcal antigens (lipase, alpha-toxin and teichoic acid) were estimated. Interaction between extracted bacterial antigens and serum antibodies of IgG class were analysed in homologous and heterologous systems. The most strong immunological reaction of the investigated sera with staphylococcal antigens was observed in the case of homologous system. Serum from sepsis patient was found to be the most reactive serum with all staphylococcal antigens mixtures.
Adolescent↗
Role of Staphylococcus saprophyticus in human infection.
Biological properties of Staphylococcus saprophyticus strains isolated from urinary tract infection and respiratory tract secretions were investigated. The majority of S. saprophyticus strains exhibit moderate surface hydrophobic properties, as measured by Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography. There was no significant difference between two groups of isolates in respect to electrostatic charge. It was found that the ability to form a diffuse type of growth is characteristic for most of S. saprophyticus strains despite of source of isolation. Five carbohydrates on the surface of 25% of S. saprophyticus strains were shown by means of specific lectin agglutination. Some of the tested strains were capable to bind labelled fibrinogen.
Agglutination↗
[The role of surface structures of Streptococcus agalactiae in adhesion to epithelial cells].
Induced mutants of S. agalactiae which differed in surface structures were used for the study. The aim of using them was to try to correlate the presence of defined structures or surface properties with the ability of group B streptococci to attach to epithelial cells. The presence of protein antigen R conditioned strong binding of S. agalactiae cells to hydrophobic gel. Strains bearing clumping factor (CF) showed high surface hydrophobicity and presented compact growth in serum soft agar. However, there was no correlation between high surface hydrophobicity and the ability to adhere. Fibrinogen binding decreased the attachment to epithelial cells of CF-positive strains. Preincubation of bacterial cells with lectin (ConA) did not influence the attachment of S. agalactiae strains with protein surface antigen but increased the adhesion of the strains with polysaccharide antigen or untypable.
Animals↗
Purification and partial characterization of two proteinases from Clostridium butyricum M 55.
Clostridium butyricum M55 proteinases were purified by application of a multistep procedure involving ethanol precipitation, DEAE cellulose chromatography and molecular sieving. The purified enzymes obtained were called proteinase I and proteinase II. They appeared to be homogeneous when examined by molecular sieving and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The highly purified proteinases were studied for their physico-chemical properties. The influences of pH, temperature, ionic strength and amino acids composition were investigated. The effects of metal ions and of protein-structure-modifying agents support views suggesting the character of these enzymes.
Amino Acids↗
Factors influencing the adhesive properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The aim of this study was to evaluate different factors which may influence surface and adhesive properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. P. aeruginosa strains exhibited moderate surface hydrophobicity as shown by "salting out" with ammonium sulfate and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The ability to haemagglutinate red blood cells by P. aeruginosa strains was increased when the cells were treated with papain and neuraminidase. The ability of all tested strains to attach to plastic and glass surfaces was independent on incubation temperature. There was no significant difference in the ability of any particular P. aeruginosa strains to adhere to Vero cells in culture. In this study no correlation between hydrophobic properties, intensity of haemagglutination, and ability to attach to Vero cells in culture was observed.
Bacterial Adhesion↗
Streptococcus pyogenes cell wall protein responsible for binding to pharyngeal epithelial cells.
The aim of this study was to identify a streptococcal cell wall substance which is able to bind to epithelial cells. The water-soluble phase of sonicated M+ and M- strains was incubated with pharyngeal and buccal epithelial cells. Electrophoretic analysis of these materials, before and after incubation, showed disappearance of one band from the M+ samples only, after incubation with pharyngeal epithelial cells. The specific anti-M protein serum did not precipitate this protein. Incubation of tested materials with buccal epithelial cells did not change their composition. The molecular mass of this band was estimated as 35,000 Daltons by the use of SDS-PAGE and marker proteins. These results suggest that an adhesin responsible for the streptococcal group A binding to pharyngeal epithelial cells is a protein closely associated with the M antigen.
Adhesins, Bacterial↗
Induction of human neutrophils chemotaxis by staphylococcal lipase.
Influence of highly purified staphylococcal lipase on chemotactic activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), has been studied. Staphylococcal lipase exhibited both chemotactic and chemokinetic properties. Chemotactic response was stimulated at concentration as low as 10(-9) M and was dose-dependent. Pretreatment of PMN with lipase, strongly enhanced chemotactic response toward casein. At the same time, spontaneous migration of these PMN was inhibited. It has been demonstrated that staphylococcal lipase binds to the leukocyte surface. Several possible mechanisms of lipase-induced chemotactic response of human PMN are discussed.
Chemotaxis, Leukocyte↗