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Biomedical subjects

W J Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to W J Anderson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Primary tuberculous enterocolitis. Report of three cases and review of the literature.

Three patients had primary enteric tuberculosis. Therapy included antituberculous chemotherapy and resection of the involved segment of bowel with primary anastomosis in each case. The symptomatology, roentgenographic findings, histopathology, and treatment of enteric tuberculosis are reviewed. The surgeon must be aware of the fact that primary enteric tuberculosis continues to exist in the United States. Though no pathognomonic symptoms or syndrome occur in enteric tuberculosis, this disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with vague abdominal complaints, weight loss, and anorexia.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Effects of low-level x-irradiation on cat cerebella at different postnatal intervals. I. Quantitative evaluation of morphological changes.

Whole head fractionated doses of 200 r and 150 r were initiated postnatally in five experimental age groups (birth, 1-week, 2-week, 3-week and 4-week) and continued over a period of 14 or 20 days to prevent reconstitution of the external granular layer. Animals irradiated at birth displayed minor deficits in behavior, which included ataxia, tremor, hypertonus and dysmetria, while animals irradiated at 1-week showed only mild symptoms of hypermetria. All other animals displayed no motor deficits. Animals irradiated at birth had smaller eyes and ears, a reduction in the size of the entire head and were susceptible to seizures. All animals were sacrified at 70 days of age. The cerebellum was found to be reduced in size and weight, the greatest deficit being seen in animals x-irradiated at the very early ages. Newborn condition animals were found to have large compliments of interneurons in the molecular layer, an established internal granular layer, and Purkinje cells were found to have a normal orientation, position, and to be unreduced in number or size. Total granule cell deficits were found to range from 83% at birth to 29% at four weeks. Quantitative changes for the molecular layer, internal granular layer, medullary layer, Purkinje cell to granule cell ratio, and granule cell density, all depicted the greatest changes in the newborn, 1-week and 2-week conditions. This experiment confirmed that the critical period in the development at which damage would result in behavioral abnormalities was from birth to five days, while for neuroanatomical abnormalities, this critical period was from birth to 18 days.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Effects of low-level x-irradiation on cat cerebella at different postnatal intervals. II. Changes in Purkinje cell morphology.

The whole-head of infant kittens was irradiated with fractionated doses of 150 R and 200 R at different postnatal intervals. Experimental age conditions consisted of an irradiated newborn, 1-week, 2-week, 3-week, and a 4-week age condition while the age of sacrifice remained constant at 70 days. The molecular layer thickness was reduced by 47% in the newborn, 40% in the 1-week group, 17% in the 2-week group, 19% in the 3-week group and by 9% in the 4-week group. An evaluation of Golgi impregnated material revealed that the dendritic arborizations of purkinje cells were consistently reduced the earlier the age at which radiation was begun. A reduction in spiny branchlets was seen in all of the experimental conditions. All experimental age conditions displayed the phenomenon of dendritic "damming" at the pial surface, which consisted of an excessive crowding of spiny branches at this level. An increased growth of the primary dendrite before branching tood place was seen in the newborn and 1-week group. This became less but was still significant in the 2-week group. A correlation of this phenomenon with the presence or lack of stellate cells is disclssed. Purkinje cells with two or more dendrites emerging from their soma were classified and analyzed separately. It was found that the primary dendritic branching in these cells often followed separate morphological patterns and appeared to be independent of each other. Climbing fibers were found to conform to the abnormal dendritic arborizations of the Purkinje cells, and were reduced in complexity in the early radiation treatment groups. This suggested that climbing fibers had no influence upon the dendritic growth pattern, but instead were under the influence of the Purkinje cell dendritic growth.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Effects of low-level x-irradiation on cat cerebella at different postnatal intervals. III. Changes in the morphology of interneurons in the molecular layer.

The whole head of infant kittens was irradiated with fractionated doses of 150 R and 200 R at different postnatal intervals. Experimental age conditions consisted of a newborn, 1-week, 2-week, 3-week, and a 4-week age condition while the age of sacrifice remained constant at 70 days. Going analysis revealed that the interneurons found in the molecular layer of the newborn, 1-week and 2-week condition were basket cells. Stellate cells were found in increasing numbers in the 3-week and 4-week conditions. Basket calls were found to occupy the entire molecular layer in the newborn and 1-week conditions resulting in an abnormal axonal plexus. The position of the basket cell soma was found to be in the same plane as its axonal projection. The branching point of the primary dendrite of Purkinje cells was found to correlate with the amount of molecular layer occupied by the abnormal basket cell plexus. Interneurons in the molecular layer were found to show different dendritic growth patterns dependent upon where their soma was located. Interneurons in the deep molecular layer showed only a decreased dendritic field, whereas interneurons in the middle and superficial moledular layer had an abnormal growth of dendrites into the deep molecular layer. A hypothesis is presented to account for the decreased dendritic arborization and the increased length of the primary dendrite before branching, the ectopic basket cell and their abnormally directed dendritic growth, and the difference in behavioral deficits between the newborn and the 1-week conditions.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Morphological characteristics of dendrite bundles in the lumbar spinal cord of the rat.

The finding of motoneuron dendrites organized into small compact bundles in cats, monkeys and pigs suggested that a study of this phenomenon in rats should be undertaken. An analysis was performed with electron microscopy, light microscopy and Golgi methods. An extensive dendrite bundle organization was found in the sixth lumbar segment of the spinal cord. Two discrete bundles were localized bilaterally: a lateral bundle in the ventrolateral gray substance, and a medial bundle in the ventral funiculus. The lateral bundle was found to consist of longitudinally oriented dendrites, neurocytons, glial cells and capillaries. As many as 1678 closely packed dendrites were observed in the lateral bundle. The medial bundle contained dendrites directed across the midline and also longitudinally oriented dendrites. Neurocytons in the medial dendrite bundle were found singly or in clusters, and many radiating bundles of dendrites were observed projecting toward the lateral bundle. Golgi analysis confirmed that neurons in the lateral bundle had most of their dendrites oriented longitudinally. It was possible to trace several dendrites into the lateral bundle from dorsally and medially lying neurons. Electron microscopy substantiated the fact that the bundles were composed of dendrites. It also revealed numerous dendrodendritic and dendrosomatic contacts which were desmosomal in type as well as an abundance of small unidentified processes. Various functions which have been attributed to the dendrite bundles are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Studies of plasma renin activity in coarctation of the aorta.

Experimental and clinical studies were performed to assess the role of the renin-angiotensin system in producing hypertension in coarctation of the aorta. Basal and stimulated peripheral plasma renin activity were determined in the canine model and in four patients with coarctation. The animal studies showed no significant elevation of peripheral plasma renin activity (PPRA), and no increase in the response of PPRA to stimuli. The human studies showed a significant elevation in the response to PPRA to postural change and to exercise in three of four patients with coarctation, as compared to the same patients after correction of the coarctation. It is concluded that hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin system is not the primary cause in coarctation hypertension in dog or man. It is nonetheless probable that the renin-angiotensin system has a role in coarctation hypertension, and further studies will be necessary to determine its place.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Internal pancreatic fistulas: pancreatic ascites and pleural effusions.

Thirty-four patients seen over a 10-year period with internal pancreatic fistulas are reported. In 22 patients the fistula was into the peritoneal cavity and they presented with pancreatic ascits. In 7 patients the fistula tracked up through the mediastinum into a pleural cavity, and they presented with pancreatic pleural effusions. Five patients presented with both pancreatic ascites and pancreatic pleural effusions. Diagnosis was made by finding a markedly elevated amylase and protein content in the ascitic and pleural fluids. Serum amylase was usually, but not always, elevated. Over one half of the patients had no history of inflammatory pancreatic disease. Initial treatment was non-operative using nasogastric suction, diamox, atropine, and multiple paracenteses or thoracenteses. This was successful in 48% (12/25). If non-operative therapy failed, surgery was performed to drain or resect the internal fistula. Surgery was successful in 82% (14/17). The internal pancreatic fistula was successfully demontrated in most instances by preoperative, operative, or postmortem pancreatography, or by gross observation at the time of surgery.

Adolescent↗