PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W J Bean

Publications and source records attributed to W J Bean.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Replication of avian influenza A viruses in mammals.

The recent appearance of an avian influenza A virus in seals suggests that viruses are transmitted from birds to mammals in nature. To examine this possibility, avian viruses of different antigenic subtypes were evaluated for their ability to replicate in three mammals-pigs, ferrets, and cats. In each of these mammals, avian strains replicated to high titers in the respiratory tract (10(5) to 10(7) 50% egg infective doses per ml of nasal wash), with peak titers at 2 to 4 days post-inoculation, similar to the pattern of human and other mammalian viruses in these animals. Most avian strains were recovered for 5 to 9 days post-inoculation. One avian H1N1 virus initially replicated poorly in pigs, but was adapted to this host and even transmitted to other pigs. Replication of the avian viruses occurred in the respiratory tracts of mammals, whereas, in birds, they replicate in the intestinal tract as well. The infected mammals had no significant disease signs and produced low levels of humoral antibodies; however, challenge experiments in ferrets indicated that they were immune. These studies suggest that influenza A viruses currently circulating in avian species represent a source of viruses capable of infecting mammals, thereby contributing to the influenza A antigenic pool from which new pandemic strains may originate.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1981

Monoclonal antibodies to the influenza A virus nucleoprotein affecting RNA transcription.

Monoclonal antibodies were used to map the antigenic domains of the A/WSN/33 (HoN1) influenza virus nucleoprotein. Three nonoverlapping antigenic regions of the nucleoprotein were identified by using competitive-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Monoclonal antibodies to two nucleoprotein domains inhibited in vitro transcription of viral RNA, suggesting that these specific regions of the nucleoprotein are topographically or functionally involved in RNA transcription.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1981

Renal cysts: treatment with alcohol.

Thirty-four benign renal cysts in 29 patients were treated with 95% ethanol during diagnostic aspiration with a 4.6 French pigtail catheter. All were followed by ultrasound from 3 to 30 months. There was one recurrence at three months. Minor complications of hematuria and temperature elevation were no more prevalent than with diagnostic aspiration alone. There were no major complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Recombination of human influenza A viruses in nature.

In 1977, a unique event occurred in the epidemiology of influenza when a virus of the influenza A (H1N1) subtype, similar to a virus that had occurred in 1950, reappeared and caused worldwide epidemics but did not replace the prevailing influenza A (H2N2) subtype. Consequently, the two viruses co-circulated throughout the world and mixed infection of some individuals with both virus strains was detected, raising the possiblitity that recombination between the two strains might affect the future epidemiological behaviour of influenza. Serological analysis of virus isolates from influenza outbreaks during the winter of 1978-79, however, failed to detect any antigenic hybrids (H2N1 or H1N2). The investigation described here, was therefore, undertaken to detect recombinants among recent isolates of the H1N1 and H3N1 serotypes, involving genes coding for other than the surface proteins by RNA-RNA hybridisation. We report here the genetic characterisation of recombinants of both antigenic types.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1980

Influenza viruses: transmission between species.

The only direct evidence for transmission of influenza viruses between species comes from studies on swine influenza viruses. Antigenically and genetically identical Hsw1N1 influenza viruses were isolated from pigs and man on the same farm in Wisconsin, U.S.A. The isolation of H3N2 influenza viruses from a wide range of lower animals and birds suggests that influenza viruses of man can spread to the lower orders. Under some conditions the H3N2 viruses can persist for a number of years in some species. The isolation, from aquatic birds, of a large number of influenza A viruses that possess surface proteins antigenically similar to the viruses isolated from man, pigs and horses provides indirect evidence for inter-species transmission. There is now a considerable body of evidence which suggests that influenza viruses of lower animals and birds may play a role in the origin of some of the pandemic strains of influenza A viruses. There is no direct evidence that the influenza viruses in aquatic birds are transmitted to man, but they may serve as a genetic pool from which some genes may be introduced into humans by recombination. Preliminary evidence suggests that the molecular basis of host range and virulence may be related to the RNA segments coding for one of the polymerase proteins (P3) and for the nucleoprotein (NP).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Antigenic variation of influenza A virus nucleoprotein detected with monoclonal antibodies.

Monoclonal antibodies were used to study antigenic variation in the nucleoprotein of influenza A viruses. We found that the nucleoprotein molecule of the WSN/33 strain possesses at least five different determinants. Viruses of other influenza A virus subtypes showed antigenic variation in these nucleoprotein determinants, although changes in only one determinant were detected in H0N1 and animal strains. The nucleoprotein of human strains isolated from 1933 through 1979 could be divided into six groups, based on their reactivities with monoclonal antibodies; these groups did not correlate with any particular hemagglutinin or neuraminidase subtype. Our results indicate that antigenic variation in the nucleoproteins of influenza A viruses proceeds independently of changes in the viral surface antigens and suggest that point mutations and genetic reassortment may account for nucleoprotein variability.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Percutaneous catheterization of the gallbladder with ultrasonic guidance.

We have described a case in which the gallbladder was catheterized by the Seldinger technic, using ultrasonic guidance. The biliary tree was flushed until clear and free passage of bile into the duodenum occurred. Thick inspissated bile can cause intrinsic echoes in the gallbladder that can be mistaken for gallstones.

Catheterization↗