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Biomedical subjects

W J Bicknell

Publications and source records attributed to W J Bicknell.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Quality of care in a chain of walk-in centers.

Several aspects of quality of care at one chain of freestanding ambulatory health care walk-in centers were evaluated. Those areas for which data were available--medical record review, physician credentials, and patient satisfaction--suggest that for primary acute episodic care, HSMMI walk-in centers provided care comparable to that which would have been received in traditional health care settings. In fact, HSMMI offices were found to be similar in organizational structure and appeared very much like private physicians' offices in management, staffing, patient flow, and physician performance. The corporation's QA program evolved from a series of informal managers' meetings (in 1986), to a detailed and structured program involving a CEO and regional medical directors by the end of 1990. The exact way in which HSMMI's new emphasis on formal quality-of-care assessment and assurance will affect patient care will be seen as the program fully matures. The issue of the proper relationship between money and medicine remains a problem. As health services organizations are increasingly influenced by market forces and consumers have ever-higher expectations, patients and physicians alike want to be sure that high-quality health care remains the first priority. Although this is an issue for all providers, it is much more visible in proprietary offices, making physicians as well as the public uneasy. For this reason, HSMMI's burden of proof regarding quality may be higher--particularly within the medical community--than the burden on traditional private practice physicians.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

Quality of acute episodic care in investor-owned ambulatory health centers.

This article examines the quality of acute episodic care for five diagnostic categories amenable to one-visit diagnosis and treatment at the nation's largest chain of investor-owned ambulatory care centers. A total of 803 medical records were audited for five common conditions and measured against specific protocols. In four of the five diagnostic categories studied--pharyngitis, otitis media, vaginitis, and use of tetanus immunization--42-97% of patients received care that met or exceeded the standards set by a panel of practicing academic physicians. In follow-up of an incidental high blood pressure reading, however, study physicians met the standard only 24% of the time. Some overprescribing and overtreatment with immunizations were detected. As far as comparison is possible to other studies, results suggest that care in this setting falls within the range of experience that has been reported for other types of practices. In spite of direct economic incentives to increase volume, little evidence was found of overuse of ancillary tests or unnecessary scheduling of repeat visits.

Acute Disease↗

Investor-owned ambulatory care walk-in centers: how have primary care physicians responded?

Investor-owned walk-in centers are a recent innovation in ambulatory care. The authors surveyed private practice primary care physicians about their marketing strategies before and after the advent of a local walk-in center. Respondents were more likely to report that they accepted walk-ins and that they advertised in the latter than in the former time period. Findings are discussed in the framework of previous predictions about the impact of walk-in centers on the delivery of care in traditional primary care practice settings.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗

Physicians' responses to financial incentives. Evidence from a for-profit ambulatory care center.

Health Stop is a major chain of ambulatory care centers operating for profit. Until 1985 its physicians were paid a flat hourly wage. In the middle of that year, a new compensation plan was instituted to provide doctors with financial incentives to increase revenues. Physicians could earn bonuses the size of which depended on the gross incomes they generated individually. We compared the practice patterns of 15 doctors, each employed full time at a different Health Stop center in the Boston area, in the same winter months before and after the start of the new arrangement. During the periods compared, the physicians increased the number of laboratory tests performed per patient visit by 23 percent and the number of x-ray films per visit by 16 percent. The total charges per month, adjusted for inflation, grew 20 percent, mostly as a result of a 12 percent increase in the average number of patient visits per month. The wages of the seven physicians who regularly earned the bonus rose 19 percent. We conclude that substantial monetary incentives based on individual performance may induce a group of physicians to increase the intensity of their practice, even though not all of them benefit from the incentives.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗

Physician satisfaction in a major chain of investor-owned walk-in centers.

This article describes physicians at a major chain of investor-owned free-standing walk-in centers and reports on their job satisfaction. They derived satisfaction from a sense of autonomy and the corporation's reliable provision of staff and supplies. Their job dissatisfaction results from the corporate emphasis on generating revenue and the lack of opportunity for professional interaction with colleagues.

Adult↗

As children survive: dilemmas of aging in the developing world.

The decline in infant mortality now occurring in the developing world assures a growing population of older persons with a chronic disease morbidity burden that is predictable and costly. The health needs and related social requirements of the elderly are not always well met even in countries where resources are substantial. In the developing world, this morbidity burden can quickly overwhelm fragile and often underfinanced health infrastructures already unable to meet fully the prevention and treatment needs of a younger population with relatively low-cost, easy-to-prevent, easy-to-treat illnesses. Inappropriate application of costly technology could easily result, accompanied by diversion of resources from existing primary-care services, and paradoxically poor service to the emerging aging population. This paper examines the dilemma, and spells out the issues by examining several chronic diseases in detail. We conclude with suggestions for a policy-oriented research agenda aimed at the development of affordable and humane approaches to the health needs of aging populations, and the prevention and care of chronic diseases in the developing world.

Aged↗