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Biomedical subjects

W J Brown

Publications and source records attributed to W J Brown.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Orbital embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and intracranial schwannoma.

A 39-year-old woman had a large benign intracranial schwannoma of the Gasserian ganglion. Thirty-two years previously, she had an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit. She had been treated by enucleation, local excision, and low-dose supplemental irradiation (1,400 rads). This is the longest survival of which we are aware following any treatment modality in such tumors. No correlation between the two tumors has been established.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Long-term effects of propylthiouracil-induced neonatal hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism was induced in neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats by adding propylthiouracil to the lactating female's food and water. Behavioral evaluation on a 6-item battery occurred from 70 to 114 days of age. Results indicated long-lasting behavioral changes in the neonatal hypothyroid animals characterized by increased activity and decreased performance on avoidance and escape learning. Serum thyroxine levels were reduced in the hypothyroid animals throughout the 120-day period. Experimental animals also had fewer synaptic contacts in the cerebellar cortex when analyzed at 90 days of age.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Examination of blood clobazam levels and several pupillary measures in humans.

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered to 15 subjects before initiation of the experiment. Three subgroups of five subjects were defined by computing the unweighted sum of the state and trait anxiety scores. A 40-mg dose of clobazam, a 1.5-benzodiazepine, was administered to each subject and repeated with two additional dosage forms following a 2-week washout period. Blood samples were withdrawn, and blood levels were determined by fluorometric analysis. Additionally, pupillary measures of critical flicker fusion, constriction, and dilation in response to a cognitive task were obtained at 0, 2, 4, and 6 hr. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that blood levels were, as expected, statistically different over time and dosage form. The pupillary constriction mirrored the blood levels in statistical patterns. The pupillary measure of cognition related to the anxiety state after the performance effects of the cognitive task were statistically removed. The results suggest that clobazam has less immediate human effect than does diazepam.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1979

Synergy between carbenicillin and an aminoglycoside (gentamicin or tobramycin) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients with endocarditis and sensitivity of isolates to normal human serum.

Isolates from the blood of 30 patients with endocarditis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested for synergy between carbenicillin and an aminoglycoside, either gentamicin or tobramycin, by in vitro checkerboard methods in modified (cation-supplemented) Mueller-Hinton broth. Twenty-five of the 30 isolates were affected synergistically. Whether given low (2.5--5 mg/kg) or high (8 mg/kg) doses of aminoglycoside along with 30 g of carbenicillin daily, all of the five patients infected with pseudomonads that were not synergistically affected were refractory to treatment with pseudomonads that were not synergistically affected were refractory to treatment with the carbenicillin-gentamicin combination, whereas the finding of synergy of carbenicillin with gentamicin (or tobramycin) did not assure a medical cure. Tests for synergy between carbenicillin and gentamicin yielded different results in Mueller-Hinton agar than in modified Mueller-Hinton broth. The majority (28) of 30 isolates of endocarditis-producing P. aeruginosa were resistant to the bactericidal effects of 50% pooled normal serum that had been freshly separated. One of the endocarditis-producing strains that was sensitive to 50% serum was resistant to 10% serum. However, sensitivity or resistance to freshly separated, pooled normal human serum did not predict the outcome of antibacterial therapy for pseudomonas endocarditis.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1979

Seeding of intracranial ependymomas in children.

19 cases of intracranial ependymomas were reviewed to determine the incidence of seeding. 4 patients demonstrated conclusive evidence of seeding in sites remote from the operative and irradiated field, 3 of whom had high-grade ependymomas. Clinical-pathological correlation disclosed a greater tendency to seeding and a worse prognosis among patients with high-grade ependymomas. A more aggressive therapeutic approach is indicated when high-grade ependymomas are involved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora in semen from fertile and infertile groups of men.

Semen samples were collected by masturbation under asceptic conditions from men who had sired children within the past 6 mo (group A) and asymptomatic men attending an infertility clinic who had not sired children and whose wives were asymptomatic for infertility (group B). These 109 semen samples were analyzed and cultured for isolation of aerobic and anerobic organisms. Overall, 68% of the specimens had positive bacterial cultures: 54% of the samples from group A were positive and 73% from group B were positive. Mixed bacterial flora were isolated from both groups but in group B they were more varied and present in a higher colony count than in group A. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staph. aureus, Corynebacterium species, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum were isolated from group A. Group B revealed these organisma plus Streptococcus pneumoniae type III, Strep. pyogenes group A, Strep. feacalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Bacteroides species, Peptostreptococcus species, and Eubacterium species. Semen samples from group A were of better quality than those from group B. In addition, the antibacterial effect of seminal plasma from group A was greater than that from group B.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Fine structure of a racemose cysticercus from human brain.

The surface of a racemose cysticercus from the human brain was studied by scanning electron microscopy and the tegument of the cyst by transmission electron microscopy. The surface of the larva is covered by microvilli of uniform shape and size. The glycocalyx of the microvilli bears knotlike areas positive for acid mucopolysaccharides. Microvilli are interconnected by a fine, electron-dense network. The tegumental and subtegumental tissues vary in thickness from one region to the next, and the tissues below the vesicular layer are scattered irregularly, in a seemingly disordered manner.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Simultaneous infection with Treponema pallidum and herpes simplex virus.

Two cases are presented of simultaneous infection with Treponema pallidum and herpes simplex virus. The occasional concurrence of these diseases suggests that all cases of herpes genitalis, including those with negative darkfield examinations and initial nonreactive serologic tests for syphilis, should be followed in two to four weeks by a repeat serologic test for syphilis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Plasma levels of clobazam after three oral dosage forms in health subjects.

As can be seen from the tables, the terminal half-life of clobazam is about 50 hours, and from a solid dosage form the peak plasma level occurs approximately 1.5 hours after ingestion. Thus, there is a significant, yet relatively short, dosage form delay effect when the solid dosage forms are compared to the rapidly available solution of the drug. However, based on the areas under the curve, comparison of the solid dosage forms with the solution indicates that the fraction of clobazam absorbed is 1. Pupil diameter measurement at 2, 4, and 6 hours after ingestion of clobazam correlated well with the plasma levels at these times. Pupils were constricted to the highest degree at 2 hours and approached the initial pupillary diameter at the 6-hour measurement.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-mycoplasma) in vaginal fluid and cervical mucus from fertile and infertile women.

Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-mycoplasma) was isolated more frequently and in heavier growth from cervical mucus (49%) than from vaginal fluid (34%). It was isolated in 24% of vaginal fluid samples and in 35% of cervical mucus samples from fertile women, and in 29% of vaginal fluid samples and in 47% of cervical mucus samples from infertile women. The incidence of infection was high following abortion or total hysterectomy and during pregnancy or oral contraceptive use. T-mycoplasma was also isolated from the vaginal fluid and cervical mucus of a woman with tubo-ovarian abscess, but was not present in women with Trichomonas vaginalis infection. U. urealyticum did not alter the physiophysiologic characteristics of vaginal fluid and cervical mucus or the sperm penetration and sperm viability in cervical mucus. Treatment with tetracycline eradicated the organism in 88% of the infected women. Pregnancies were recorded during a 6-month follow-up in 1 of 19 infertile women who were treated with tetracycline.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1978

The microbiological flora of penile ulcerations.

The penile ulcerations of 100 consecutive men were tested for microorganisms. A polymicrobial flora was identified in the ulcers of 97 men. The microorganisms recovered from these ulcers included combinations of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria (including Mycoplasma), herpes simplex virus, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. Fifty-three study entrants had microorganisms, identified by culture or serologic tests, that were considered primary in ulcer pathogenesis. Herpes simplex virus was the most prevalent and Treponema pallidum was the next most prevalent pathogen identified. Of our patients, 5% had two recognized pathogens confirmed by laboratory tests, and only one of these was suspected at clinical examination. In addition, the study suggests that microorganisms other than Haemophilus ducreyi can produce ulcers with a morphology mimicking chancroid.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Diagnosis and etiology of nongonococcal urethritis.

The observation of more than four polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) per high-power field (hpf) in gram-stained smears of urethral secretions was found to differentiate patients with urethritis from patients without urethritis. A urethral discharge was present in 78% of patients with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). Dysuria without demonstrable urethral discharge and with fewer than four PMN/hpf did not appear to fit into the NGU spectrum. NGU is now defined to include men who have negative urethral cultures for Neisseria gonorrhoeae with a urethral discharge and/or more than four PMN/hpf in their urethral smears. The findings of more than four PMN/hpf in the urethral smears of 22%of asymptomatic sexually active men with more than one sexual partner (polygamous controls) suggests that asymptomatic NGU is not uncommon. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated significantly more frequently from the NGU study group than from the control group (P less than 0.001). This study adds Corynebacterium vaginale (Haemophilus vaginalis), group B streptococci, and yeasts to the list of sexually transmitted microorganisms that are not etiologic determinants of NGU.

Chlamydia trachomatis↗
PubMed1978

Physiologic saline solution, Normosol R pH 7.4, and Plasmanate as reconstituents of packed human erythrocytes.

The authors compared the effects of three reconstituent solutions (Normosol R pH 7.4, physiologic saline solution, and Plasmanate) on hemolysis and cellular morphology of young (8-10 days' storage) and old (22-26 days' storage) packed human erythrocytes (PE). These variables were tested at 22 and 37 C and at two dilutions )1 part PE:1 part reconstituent and 2 parts PE:1 part reconstituent). Plasmanate produced unacceptably high levels of hemolysis, particularly of older PE, and should not be used as a reconstituent. Normosol R pH 7.4 and physiologic saline solution were compatible with both young and old PE, producing similar changes in hemolysis and erythrocytic morphology, Therefore, Normosol R pH 7.4 may be used as a diluent for PE when rapid and massive infusions are needed.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1978

Influence of genital herpes on results of fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test.

Both the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTS-ABS) test and Venereal Disease Laboratory (VDRL) test for syphilis were performed routinely on 113 men with histories of genital ulcerations. The difference in negative VDRL and borderline FTS-ABS results between patients with and without herpes simplex virus in their genital ulcers and no evidence of previous or untreated syphilis was not statistically significant. Furthermore, use of the FTA-ABS test as a confirmatory rather than a screening test eliminates false-positive, borderline, or reactive results in patients with non-syphilitic ulcers.

False Positive Reactions↗
PubMed1978

The capillaries in acute and subacute multiple sclerosis plaques: a morphometric analysis.

Two patients, one with multiple sclerosis (MS) and the other with a glioma of the splenium of the corpus callosum, were biopsied with the aid of CAT. Light microscopy, histochemistry, electronmicroscopy and morphometric analysis of counts of mitochondria, dense bodies, and pinocytotic vesicles within the capillary endothelial cells was done. Examination of the MS plaque showed endothelial cell tight junctions to be closed, basal lamina to be thinned, but endothelial cell mitochondria to be the same as in a patient without MS. Pinocytotic vesicles were markedly increased in endothelial cells in MS. Despite intense inflammation in the surround, endothelial lysosomes were as few as in a control.

Acute Disease↗