Biomedical subjects

W J Burman

Publications and source records attributed to W J Burman.

40 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Low antituberculosis drug concentrations in patients with AIDS.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and magnitude of below normal apparent peak serum concentrations for antituberculosis drugs in patients with AIDS and CD4 cell counts less than 200 cells/mm3. We also explored the data for potential relationships between response variables and patient characteristics. DESIGN: Prospective study of consecutive patients seen in tuberculosis clinics. SETTING: Five urban tuberculosis clinics in four major metropolitan areas. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-six patients diagnosed with HIV infection and receiving treatment for active tuberculosis were eligible. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: After 2 weeks or more of therapy, blood was collected 2 hours after observed doses of the antituberculosis drugs. Serum samples were frozen, shipped to National Jewish Center in Denver, and analyzed by HPLC or GC. Serum concentrations were compared with the proposed normal ranges. Data were analyzed to determine correlations between antituberculosis drug serum concentrations and patient characteristics. RESULTS: Low-2-hour serum concentrations were common for antituberculosis drugs, particularly rifampin and ethambutol. Absorption of isoniazid was generally high. Potential drug-drug interactions were found between rifampin and fluconazole (fluconazole appears to increase rifampin concentrations) and between pyrazinamide and zidovudine (zidovudine may lower pyrazinamide concentrations). Patients receiving pyrazinamide had lower rifampin concentrations than those not receiving pyrazinamide. CONCLUSIONS: Low antituberculosis drug serum concentrations occur frequently during the treatment of tuberculosis in patients with AIDS. Additional research is required for patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis, and to clarify the nature of the potential drug-drug interactions.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Multifocal cellulitis and monoarticular arthritis as manifestations of Helicobacter cinaedi bacteremia.

Helicobacter cinaedi (formerly Campylobacter cinaedi) was first detected in the fecal flora of homosexual men. Since 1984, 11 case reports of H. cinaedi bacteremia have been published; most cases have presented as a nonspecific febrile illness in homosexual men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We identified seven additional cases of H. cinaedi bacteremia in two Denver hospitals within a 5-year period, which suggests that this illness is not as rare as was previously thought. Six of these cases of H. cinaedi bacteremia occurred in homosexual men who were infected with HIV. Four patients presented with the distinctive cutaneous manifestation of multifocal cellulitis, and two patients had monoarticular arthritis. Microbiological diagnosis of this infection was delayed by the slow growth of the bacterium in nonradiometric blood culture bottles. Although the patients' bacteremia was prolonged, their response to treatment was excellent. In contrast to campylobacter infections in HIV-infected patients, H. cinaedi bacteremia did not relapse after a course of effective therapy. H. cinaedi bacteremia should be suspected in HIV-infected individuals who present with an indolent febrile illness, particularly in the presence of multifocal cellulitis and/or arthritis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1992

Familial hyperinsulinism presenting in adults.

Two adult siblings presented with recurrent syncope due to severe hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Exploratory laparotomy in the elder sibling showed a grossly normal pancreas, but histologic examination revealed islet cell hyperplasia. Neither sibling has any evidence of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome, nor is there any other family history to suggest this diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of adult-onset familial hyperinsulinism without other manifestations of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome. A simple provocative test for hyperinsulinism was also suggested by these cases. Because the initial patient related his symptoms to exercise, we used treadmill exercise in both patients to diagnose hyperinsulinism and observe its response to therapy.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗

PubMed1986

Oxidant-mediated ciliary dysfunction. Possible role in airway disease.

The effects of reactive species of oxygen on the airway are not well known. This study examined the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the structure and function of the airway epithelium. Tracheal rings were prepared from 200 g male rats. Damage to the airway epithelium was assayed by monitoring the ciliary beat frequency, the release of 51Cr, and histology. H2O2 at concentrations of 1.0 mM and above caused a very rapid decrease in ciliary beat frequency. After ten minutes' exposure to 1.0 mM, the ciliary beat frequency was 72 +/- 20 percent of control. Release of 51Cr was a less sensitive measure with significant release occurring after four hours of exposure to ciliotoxic concentrations of H2O2. Histologic changes were not evident within the experimental time period. All toxic effects of H2O2 were completely blocked by catalase. This study shows that H2O2 causes a rapid decline in ciliary activity and suggests that oxidant-mediated ciliary dysfunction could play a role in the pathogenesis of airway disease. The ciliary beat frequency provides a sensitive, physiologically relevant parameter for the in vitro study of these diseases.

Animals↗